Pharmacology of Tiotropium (Spiriva) ; Overview, Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Effect

Tue, 26 Aug 2025 16:45:48 +0000

Tiotropium, marketed under the brand name Spiriva, is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) used primarily for the maintenance treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Here's a detailed overview of its pharmacology:

Mechanism of Action
Tiotropium works by blocking muscarinic receptors in the airways, specifically the M3 receptors. This prevents bronchoconstriction and promotes bronchodilation, improving airflow and reducing symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath1.

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Tiotropium is administered via inhalation, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream.

Distribution: It is distributed throughout the body, with a particular affinity for lung tissue.

Metabolism: Tiotropium is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Elimination: The drug is primarily excreted in the urine and to a lesser extent in the feces.

Clinical Use
Spiriva is indicated for the long-term, once-daily maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It helps to reduce exacerbations and improve lung function.

Side Effects
Common side effects of tiotropium include:

Dry mouth

Upper respiratory tract infections

Sinusitis

Pharyngitis

Chest pain

Precautions
Cardiovascular Disease: Caution is advised in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions due to the potential for increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of tiotropium in pregnant or breastfeeding women has not been fully established

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