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Pharmacology of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Ursodiol; Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Effects
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• 08/28/25
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Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), also known as ursodiol, is a naturally occurring bile acid used in the treatment of various liver and gallbladder conditions. Here's an overview of its pharmacology:
Mechanism of Action:
UDCA works by reducing the cholesterol content in bile and bile stones. It achieves this by decreasing cholesterol secretion from the liver and reducing its absorption in the intestines.
It also replaces more toxic bile acids in the bile acid pool, protecting liver cells and reducing inflammation.
Indications:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC): Used to slow disease progression and improve liver function.
Gallstone Dissolution: Effective for dissolving small, non-calcified gallstones in patients who cannot undergo surgery.
Prevention of Gallstones: Used in patients undergoing rapid weight loss, such as after bariatric surgery.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Well absorbed in the small intestine.
Metabolism: Undergoes enterohepatic recycling and is metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Primarily excreted in feces, with minimal urinary excretion.
Side Effects:
Common: Diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort.
Rare: Allergic reactions or worsening of liver function in some cases
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