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Contraceptive (Progesterone) Implant - Uses, Mechanism Of Action, Adverse Effects, Contraindications
Contraceptive implant, is a popular form of long acting, reversible contraception.
It is a rod that contains the hormone etonogestrel, a type of progesterone.
The rod is intended for subdermal implantation in the non-dominant hand, as you can see in this picture.
Once in place, it prevents pregnancy for about 3 years.
Progesterone implant can be removed at any time according to the woman’s desire.
Once removed, the fertility returns to normal within a couple of weeks.
It is indicated for contraception in nulliparous women, adolescents, and breastfeeding mothers.
In addition, it can be used as a contraceptive in the post-partum period as well.
It prevents conception by three mechanisms.
It inhibits ovulation by interfering with the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis.
It also causes thickening of cervical mucus, which makes it harder to the sperms to penetrate.
In addition, it causes thinning of the endometrium, which makes it unfavorable for implantation of an embryo.
Contraindications for progesterone implant include, pregnancy, Liver disease, including cirrhosis, and liver tumors, breast cancer, Unexplained vaginal bleeding, And allergy or hypersensitivity to progesterone implant.
Pregnancy rate with the implant is around 0.05%, which is slightly lesser than that of the intra uterine contraceptive devices.
Common adverse effects of the contraceptive implant include the following.
Menstrual irregularities.
Absent menstruation, or Amenorrhea.
Breast tenderness.
Mild weight gain.
Acne.
Headache.
And abdominal pain.
Finally, the contraceptive implant can cause mild to moderate pain, that will disappear within a few days.
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