Nystatin - Mechanism of action, Side effects, and Indications

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Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections, primarily those caused by Candida species. It is commonly used to treat oral thrush, a fungal infection in the mouth and throat, as well as fungal skin infections like diaper rash and candidiasis of the skin. Nystatin works by disrupting the cell membranes of the fungal organisms, leading to their death.

Here are some key points about Nystatin:

1. Mechanism of Action: Nystatin is a polyene antifungal drug that binds to the ergosterol present in the cell membranes of fungal organisms. This binding disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, causing leakage of cellular contents and ultimately leading to the death of the fungus.

2. Forms: Nystatin is available in various forms, including oral suspensions, topical creams, ointments, and powders. The specific form used depends on the type and location of the fungal infection.

3. Indications: Nystatin is primarily used to treat fungal infections caused by Candida species. It is often prescribed for oral thrush (candidiasis of the mouth and throat) in infants, children, and adults. It can also be used to treat fungal skin infections, such as diaper rash, athlete's foot, and jock itch.

4. Usage: When using Nystatin, it is essential to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully. For oral thrush, the oral suspension is swished around the mouth and then swallowed. For topical applications, the cream, ointment, or powder is applied to the affected skin area.

5. Side Effects: Nystatin is generally well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience mild side effects, such as skin irritation or mild gastrointestinal symptoms when taken orally. Serious side effects are rare but should be reported to a healthcare provider if they occur.

6. Precautions: Before using Nystatin, inform your healthcare provider about any allergies or sensitivities to medications. Also, let them know about any other medications or medical conditions you have. Nystatin is usually safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but it's essential to discuss this with your healthcare provider.

7. Resistance: Fungal resistance to Nystatin is relatively uncommon, but it can occur with prolonged or inappropriate use. It's essential to use Nystatin as prescribed and complete the full course of treatment to prevent the development of resistance.

8. Storage: Store Nystatin according to the instructions provided on the medication packaging. Typically, it should be kept at room temperature away from moisture and direct sunlight.

Nystatin is available both over-the-counter and by prescription, depending on the formulation and the specific condition being treated. If you suspect you have a fungal infection or have been prescribed Nystatin, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment guidance.

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