Pharmacology of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) ; Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Effects

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Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative used to treat constipation and for bowel preparation before medical procedures. Here are some key points about its pharmacology:

Mechanism of Action
Stimulant Laxative: Bisacodyl acts directly on the colonic mucosa, stimulating sensory nerve endings in the walls of the intestine and rectum. This induces parasympathetic reflexes, resulting in increased peristaltic contractions of the colon and promoting defecation.

Water and Electrolyte Secretion: It increases the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen, which helps soften the stool and facilitates bowel movements.

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Approximately 5% of bisacodyl is absorbed after oral administration.

Distribution: It is distributed locally in the intestines.

Metabolism: Bisacodyl is hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes and bacteria in the bowel to its active desacetyl forms.

Excretion: The drug is primarily excreted in the stool, with a small amount excreted in the urine.

Onset of Action: The onset of action varies depending on the form of administration:

Oral tablets: 6-12 hours

Suppositories: 15-60 minutes

Enema: 5-20 minutes

Clinical Uses
Constipation: Bisacodyl is used to relieve occasional constipation.

Bowel Preparation: It is used for bowel evacuation prior to radiological examinations and surgical procedures.

Side Effects
Common side effects of bisacodyl include:

Abdominal discomfort

Abdominal cramps

Diarrhea

Rectal irritation

Precautions
Contraindications: Bisacodyl should not be used in individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug, intestinal obstruction, severe dehydration, or acute surgical abdominal conditions.

Special Precautions: Use with caution in patients with nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. Prolonged use can lead to dependence.

Bisacodyl is a valuable medication for managing constipation and preparing patients for gastrointestinal procedures, offering effective relief with a well-defined mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic profile.

#Bisacodyl #Dulcolax

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