Pharmacology of Hyoscyamine ; Mechanism of action, Absorption, Metabolism, Uses, Effects

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Hyoscyamine is an anticholinergic medication, often used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders, and has multiple additional medical uses.

Here are key pharmacological aspects of Hyoscyamine:

Mechanism of Action: Hyoscyamine works by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the central nervous system. This leads to decreased muscle spasms and reduced secretions2.

Uses: It is used to provide symptomatic relief from conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, peptic ulcers, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, and colitis. It can also be used preoperatively to reduce secretions and during procedures to manage symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: Hyoscyamine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body and crosses the blood-brain barrier.

Metabolism: It is metabolized in the liver.

Elimination: The drug is primarily excreted through the kidneys (urine).

Half-life: The elimination half-life ranges from 2 to 3.5 hours for regular release forms and approximately 7 hours for extended-release forms.

Adverse Effects: Common side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dizziness, and drowsiness. Serious but rare side effects include confusion, heart palpitations, and difficulty urinating.

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