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Pharmacology of Prochlorperazine ; Phamacokinetics, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Effects
Prochlorperazine is a medication primarily used to treat severe nausea and vomiting, as well as certain psychiatric disorders. Here's an overview of its pharmacology:
Mechanism of Action
Dopamine Receptor Antagonist: Prochlorperazine works by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, which helps reduce nausea and psychotic symptoms.
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) Depression: It depresses the CTZ in the brain, which is responsible for triggering vomiting.
Alpha-Adrenergic and Anticholinergic Blocking: It also exhibits strong alpha-adrenergic and anticholinergic blocking effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Prochlorperazine is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak effects occurring within 30-40 minutes.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by the CYP2D6 enzyme.
Elimination: The drug and its metabolites are excreted through urine (mainly) and feces.
Half-Life: The elimination half-life of prochlorperazine is approximately 6-10 hours for oral administration and 14-22 hours for repeated dosing.
Clinical Uses
Nausea and Vomiting: Used to treat severe nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and postoperative conditions.
Psychiatric Disorders: Used for the short-term management of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and non-psychotic anxiety.
Side Effects
Common: Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation.
Serious: Extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g., tardive dyskinesia), neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and increased risk of mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis2.
Precautions
Cardiac Monitoring: Regular ECG monitoring is recommended due to the risk of QT prolongation.
Drug Interactions: Prochlorperazine can interact with other medications that affect the QT interval or are metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme system
#Prochlorperazine
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