Phenytoin ( Dilantin ): What is Phenytoin Used For? Phenytoin Dosage, Side Effects & Precautions

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- This is lesson n# 20 in "A DRUG IN BRIEF" Series. In this video I'm gonna discuss almost all you need to know about Phenytoin ( Dilantin ): What is Phenytoin Used For? Phenytoin Dosage, Side Effects & Precautions

- In 3 minutes you'll learn about:

- What is Phenytoin ?
- Phenytoin mechanism of action, uses, dosage, side effects, and precautions...
- MORE DRUG INFO HERE:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BM5dg5f2daE&t=2s&list=PLL3y4VLBMQfgmQqcppCvUdJvlsoQVlCvI&index=2

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- In this video we'll briefly discuss what is Phenytoin ( Dilantin ), how it works, what it's used for, the dose and side effects, contraindications and precautions.

- Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant agent. It blocks voltage-gated sodium channels by selectively binding to the channel in the inactive state and slowing its rate of recovery. Thereby stabilizing threshold against hyperexcitability.

- It is available as 30 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg tablets. And also available as oral suspension and as injection.

- Phenytoin is used in the treatment of epilepsy, except absence seizure (petit mal).
- it is used in the control of grand mal and psychomotor seizures, prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or after neurosurgery, control of grand mal type of status epilepticus (using parenteral administration).

Dosage

- Seizures

- Adults: 300 to 400 mg/day (maximum 600 mg/day).
- Children: 3 to 8 mg/kg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses.

Duration

- According to clinical response

Contra-indications

- Do not administer in case of hypersensitivity to phenytoin.

Adverse effects

- May cause:
- gastro-intestinal disturbances: gingival hypertrophy, nausea, vomiting.
- neurological disorders: dizziness, visual disturbances, mental confusion.
- blood disorders: monitor blood counts if possible and administer folic acid in case of prolonged use, as it may cause folic acid deficiency.
- allergic reactions: cutaneous eruption, fever, adenopathy.

Precautions

- Do not stop treatment abruptly, decrease daily doses gradually.
- It is not recommended to combine phenytoin with oral contraceptives, sulphonamides, or chloramphenicol. Combination with other drugs must be closely monitored (diazepam, phenobarbital, digoxin, corticosteroids, etc.).
- Paracetamol may increase hepatotoxicity potential with chronic phenytoin use.
- Pregnancy: avoid
- Breast-feeding: avoid

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