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On our first look at anticoagulants part 1, we looked at coumadin, the most commonly used oral anticoagulant. Now we will look at heparin, a commonly used injectable anticoagulant.

Heparin is a pharmaceutical preparation of the naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by white blood cells in various body tissues, obtained from pig intestines or the lungs of cattle. It is an injectable blood thinner used to treat & prevent the formation of clots and the extension of existing clots within the blood. It does not break down clots that have already formed, but it allows the body’s natural clot lysis mechanisms to work normally to break down clots that have formed.

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Heparin is an anticoagulant which is used for so many years. Watch this video fully to learn how Heparin works, its uses, side effects and much more!

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Mechanisms of action of anticoagulant drugs: Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH), Warfarin (Vitamin K Antagonist - VKAs), and Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAs).

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Anticoagulants are drugs used to reduce blood clotting, or coagulation.
Coagulation is critical for the control of bleeding, which has 4 stages:
- Stage 1: formation of platelet plugs.
- Stage 2: formation of blood clots. Coagulation cascade produces thrombin and fibrin.
- Stage 3: termination of clot formation. Antithrombin binds to thrombin, as well as several other clotting factors, and inhibits their function.
- Stage 4: dissolution of blood clots.
Medications that prevent formation of platelet plugs are antiplatelets. Medications that interfere with the function or synthesis of clotting factors are anticoagulants. Anticoagulants and antiplatelets are the 2 classes of antithrombotic drugs.
Heparin binds to antithrombin and increases its affinity for thrombin and other clotting factors, thereby enhancing antithrombin’s inhibitory effect on coagulation, typically up to thousand-fold.
Low-molecular-weight heparin is produced by chemically splitting heparin into pieces of about one-third of its original size. The smaller size reduces its non-specific binding to plasma proteins and blood components, resulting in fewer side effects, longer half-life, and a more predictable dose-dependent response, so monitoring is not usually required. However, the shorter chain length also reduces its ability to bridge between antithrombin and thrombin, producing a reduced inhibitory effect on thrombin. Its anticoagulation effect relies on inhibition of factor 10a, for which a specific five-saccharide motif is sufficient.
Fondaparinux is a synthetic drug based on this five-saccharide sequence. It has a longer half-life and is associated with less bleeding complication than low-molecular-weight heparin in some studies.
Vitamin K Antagonists, such as warfarin, act by inhibiting the enzyme required for activation of vitamin K. Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for the synthesis of many clotting factors.
Direct oral anticoagulants are a new class of synthetic drugs that includes direct thrombin inhibitors and direct factor 10a inhibitors.
The major adverse effect of all anticoagulants is uncontrolled bleeding. Reversal of anticoagulation: hemodialysis, red blood cells transfusion, platelet transfusion, activated charcoal to prevent absorption of the last dose of an oral anticoagulant. Certain anticoagulants have specific reversal agents that can counteract their effect. Heparin’s action can be reversed with protamine. Vitamin K, given orally or intravenously, can counteract warfarin. There are also specific antidotes for direct oral anticoagulants.

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In this video I break down the differences between two commonly given anticoagulants, warfarin (Coumadin) and heparin. I discuss the side effects, antidotes, important lab values, and patient education.

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Heparin and warfarin both are known as anticoagulants or blood thinners. There is a difference between uses and mechanism of action of these anti-coagulants. This video will help you to understand the differences between warfarin and heparin.

Heparin is a direct anticoagulant. It belongs to thrombin inhibitors and is a major tool for the treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis of different etiology. Heparin is a mixture of high molecular weight sulfated mucopolysaccharides. It is most often used subcutaneously or intravenously. After oral intake, it is inactive and is not absorbed. Because of its large molecule, the heparin does not cross the placental barrier and is not excreted in breast milk. It is effective and safe for use during pregnancy and lactation.
Heparin is used for treatment and prophylaxis of:
* deep vein thrombosis,
* pulmonary thromboembolism,
* during surgical interventions in risk patients,
* acute myocardial infarction,
* maintenance treatment following fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase, etc.
One of the serious side effects of heparin is the development of thrombocytopenia.

Warfarin (4-hydroxycoumarins) is an indirect anticoagulant. After oral intake, warfarin is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Warfarin is metabolized in the liver and has a long plasma half-life, which predisposes to cumulation and development of toxic reactions. The main effect of warfarin is inhibition in blood clotting. It falls into risk category X, which means that the risk of its use considerably exceeds the expected benefit. It ejects with the breast milk and passes through the placental barrier.
When using this preparation during pregnancy a characteristic dysmorphism develops. A number of organs and systems are affected, mainly the central nervous system, the locomotory system, the cardiovascular system, the eyes.

Warfarin is used for treatment and prophylaxis of:
* deep vein thrombosis,
* pulmonary embolism,
* valvular heart disease,
* atrial fibrillation, etc.

#heparin #warfarin #anticoagulants #bloodthinners #pharmacyd #pharmacydbyasim

Chapters:
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0:10 - Anticoagulants(blood thinners)
0:30 - Heparin
1:09 - Warfarin
1:44 - Heparin vs Warfarin differences

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What Are The Side Effects Of Heparin? In this informative video, we cover the essential aspects of heparin, a medication commonly used to prevent blood clots in various medical situations. Understanding the potential side effects of heparin is important for anyone undergoing treatment, as it can help patients and their families make informed decisions about their care. We will discuss the most common side effects, such as an increased risk of bleeding and bruising, as well as irritation at the injection site. Additionally, we will highlight more serious reactions, including allergic responses and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which can complicate treatment. Recognizing the signs of internal bleeding is crucial, as these can be life-threatening.

We’ll also touch on the factors that may elevate the risk of side effects, particularly in older adults. Regular monitoring during heparin therapy is essential to ensure patient safety and treatment effectiveness. Join us as we break down these important topics and provide valuable information for those managing their health with heparin. Don't forget to subscribe for more updates on medications and health management.

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In this clip (7 of 10): Researchers are also studying glycans for better understanding of and improvements to current drugs. As one example, heparin as used for acute coronary syndrome is examined.
This clip is part of a lecture, "Studying the Effects of Natural Products," by Ram Sasisekharan, Ph.D, Alfred H. Caspary Professor of Biological Engineering and Health Sciences and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This lecture, given at NIH in 2006, is part of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Online Continuing Education Series. Free CME/CEU credit is available to health professionals (see http://nccam.nih.gov/training/videolectures).

Heparin is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) that stimulates antithrombin III (ATIII) which then inhibits coagulation factors VII, IX, X, XI, XII, as well as thrombin. This leads to prevention of thrombus formation (anticoagulation)...Heparin is used for ICU anticoagulation...Adverse effects of heparin includes bleeding, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and osteoporosis.
Heparin | The blood 🩸 thinner | The Anticoagulant | Pharmacology | Hematology.


Anticoaulants are chemicals that inhibit blood coagulation (secondary hemostasis).

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Vitamin K Deficiency | Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn or Vitamin K dependent bleeding (VKDB) is a bleeding disorder that occurs due to deficiency of vitamin K.
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Coagulation Tests (PT, aPTT, TT, Fibrinogen, Mixing Studies,..etc).
The coagulation factors are divided into 3 coagulation groups | Fibrinogen group, Prothrombin group, and Contact Group..

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Platelet count is one of the lab tests used by a doctor or a hematologist to assess whether your platelet number is normal, low (thrombocytopenia) or high (thrombocytosis).

Bleeding 🩸 time (BT) is another test for platelet function.

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Heparin: Blood Thinner or Anticoagulant Drug Used to Prevent Blood Clots

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Heparin is an anticoagulant drug or blood thinner which is used to treat or prevent the formation of blood clots in conditions like deep vein thrombosis, arterial thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, ecmo circuit, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Additionally, heparin is also used to prevent clotting during dialysis and surgical procedures, maintain patency in injection devices, prevent coagulation during blood transfusions, and treat superficial thrombophlebitis.

Heparin should not be given intramuscularly (into the muscle) because of the risk of forming hematomas.

Topical applications can be applied externally twice or thrice a day or as exactly advised.The dentist should be informed about heparin therapy before dental surgery. Get emergency help in case of an allergic reaction to heparin.

Heparin overdosage can be treated by focusing on neutralization of heparin effect. Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdosage.

Please help us translate this video in your language to make it more universal and useful to your language community. We present useful and essential information on the drug heparin that everyone should know when taking this drug. Use Medindia drug information to check drug to drug interactions if you are taking more than one drug.

Share your comments if you are experiencing any unusual side effects.

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Mechanism of action for Heparin.

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How does Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Work? Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant medication that promotes antithrombin 3 to block clotting factors 2 (thrombin) and X (Ten). It is a low molecular weight heparin.

Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant, brand name: Lovenox. We also talk about Dalteparin (Fragmin) which is also a low molecular weight heparin. This is used to treat and prevent blood clots from forming which may lead to heart attack and stroke patients. Anticoagulant therapy seeks to prevent the development of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms.

Time Stamps:
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- Enoxaparin MOA 01:48
- When to use 04:08
- Dosing & Adjustments 06:14
- Clinical pearls & Side effects 08:19
- Quick Summary 10:17
- Short Quiz 11:34


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This pharmacology lecture covers topics such as Anticoagulant drugs. We talk about Enoxaparin, Dalteparin and how it is a low molecular weight heparin anticoagulant. We discuss how enoxaparin helps block the clotting factors 2 and 10 which leads to less fibrin being formed. This causes the lowering of blood clots. Also, we talk about the pathophysiology of the clotting cascade, heart attack and stroke and how anti-coagulation therapy is beneficial. We discuss the mechanism of action of Enoxaparin and its side effects.


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In this video Cathy covers key anticoagulant medications, including heparin and warfarin.

Our Pharmacology video tutorial series is taught by Cathy Parkes BSN, RN, CWCN, PHN and intended to help RN and PN nursing students study for their nursing school exams, including the ATI, HESI and NCLEX.

#NCLEX #Pharmacology #Cardiovascular #HESI #Kaplan #ATI #NursingSchool #NursingStudent⁠ #Nurse #RN #PN #Education #LVN #LPN #Anticoagulants

0:00 What to Expect
0:17 IV Anticoagulants
1:03 Mode of Action
1:28 Side Effects
2:42 aPTT Levels
3:56 Antidote for Heparin & Nursing Care
4:21 Oral Anticoagulants
4:31 Mode of Action
5:28 Side Effects
5:49 PT/INR Levels
6:13 Heparin with Warfarin
7:17 Antidote for Warfarin
7:33 Patient Teaching/Nursing Care

🚨Head over to our interactive study guide and index ANYTIME and find out exactly which card we’re referencing. https://bit.ly/PharmIndex

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All of the nurses at Level Up RN are here to help! Cathy Parkes started helping her fellow classmates back when she was in nursing school, tutoring so they could pass their exams and graduate. After she got her BSN and started working as an RN at Scripps Encinitas Hospital, she started this YouTube channel to help nursing students around the world. Since then she has built a team of top-notch dedicated nurses and nurse educators who are focused on improving nursing education and supporting career advancement for nurses everywhere. With flashcards, videos, courses, organizational tools and more, we are singularly focused on helping students and nurses Level Up on their exams and nursing careers.

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Today’s video is all about anti-coagulants heparin vs warfarin for Nursing Students and NCLEX Review.

We’re going into anti-coagulants – specifically heparin and warfarin, two of the most common ones administered to patients.

Heparin is an anti-inflammatory drug that prevents clots from forming in the blood vessels by inhibiting the enzyme thrombin. Warfarin blocks vitamin K from forming prothrombin, which is necessary for clotting.

There’s more to dive into, including nursing interventions for heparin vs warfarin – so watch to learn more!

00:00 Introduction
00:45 Heparin vs Warfarin
02:12 Combination Therapy
03:14 Heparin Labs and Antidote
04:47 Warfarin Labs and Antidote
06:44 Memory Trick
07:29 Patient Teaching
08:00 Low Molecular Weight Heparins
10:08 Special Considerations
11:30 Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
12:08 Fondaparinux Overview
12:36 Spinal Epidural Catheters
12:49 Outro

#NCLEX #pharmacology

#RegisteredNurse #Heparin #Warfarin

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) | Types, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) that occurs after administration of heparin. There are two types of HIT, with type 1 being a temporary decrease in platelet count after heparin, and type 2 being the more clinically significant type. HIT type 2 is clinically important to recognize as it increases thrombotic risk (increased risk of MI and stroke). In this lesson, we also discuss other signs & symptoms of HIT, including how we diagnose it and how we treat it.

If you found this lesson helpful, please like and subscribe to help support this channel!

JJ

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**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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Check out some of my other lessons.

Medical Terminology - The Basics - Lesson 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04Wh2E9oNug

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Dermatology Playlist
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*Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.*

Heparin is an anticoagulant that helps prevent and treat blood clots. This review is to prepare nursing students for the NCLEX exam.

Heparin is an indirect thrombin inhibitor and enhances the activity of antithrombin III. This substance inactivates the enzymes that play a role in coagulation. Antithrombin III will prevent the activation of thrombin, which will prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Heparin can be administered via the subcutaneous or intravenous route. It works to affect the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

Nursing interventions include: monitoring the aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), assessing for excessive bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, correctly administering injectable forms of Heparin, etc.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is where the body makes antibodies because against Heparin because it’s binding to platelet factor 4 (a blood protein). This creates antibodies that will bind to the heparin and PF4 complex, which activates the platelets. Small clots will form (hence new clots or current clots worsen) and the platelet count falls...hence thrombocytopenia. HIT is treated by discontinuing the Heparin and placing the patient on direct thrombin inhibitor medications.

Quiz: https://www.registerednursern.....com/heparin-nclex-qu
Notes: https://www.registerednursern.....com/heparin-nursing-
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#heparin #anticoagulantsnursing #pharmacologynursing

Popular Playlists:

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Fluid & Electrolytes: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLQrdx7rRsKf
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Doctor Jesse Garcia is interviewed by Attorney Matt Hamilton.
They explore Heparin's benefits, how drug errors are made, how those mistakes can harm and kill, and what one should do.

Additional information provided at: https://www.law-kc.com/drug-errors/anticoagulants/

Heparin is an anticoagulant indicated for thromboprophylaxis and to treat thrombosis associated with a variety of conditions such as pulmonary embolism and atrial fibrillation.

In this video, let’s find found:
What is heparin?
What is heparin used for?
Contraindication
What are the side effects of taking heparin?
How does heparin work?
How to use heparin?

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#heparin #anticoagulant #Lovenox
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Tags: he-info, heparin, heparin uses, heparin dosage, heparin side effects, heparin mechanism, heparin indication, heparin contraindications, heparin mechanism of action, anticoagulants, Lovenox, Blood Thinners, coagulating, prevent first or recurrent stroke, anticoagulant medication, prevent stroke, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, heparin tablets, heparin injection, heparin drip nursing, heparin pharmacology, heparin drip, heparin induced thrombocytopenia

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Ninja Nerds!
In this cardiovascular pharmacology lecture, Professor Zach Murphy breaks down the pharmacology of Heparin, one of the most commonly used parenteral anticoagulants in acute care settings. This lecture covers its mechanism of action, clinical indications, and monitoring strategies with high clarity and clinical relevance.

We begin by discussing the mechanism of action of unfractionated heparin (UFH), which binds to antithrombin III and accelerates its inhibition of thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa, ultimately preventing fibrin clot formation. We compare this to low molecular weight heparins (LMWH)—such as enoxaparin—which have a more selective action against factor Xa.

You’ll learn the key differences between UFH and LMWH regarding administration routes, half-life, monitoring requirements (aPTT vs anti-Xa), and protamine sulfate reversal strategies. The lecture also discusses the serious complication of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), including its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and alternative anticoagulant options like argatroban.

Clinical indications for heparin include venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment and prophylaxis, acute coronary syndromes, atrial fibrillation, and perioperative anticoagulation.

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Heparin

Generic Name: heparin

Trade Name: Hep-Lock

Indication: Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment, low dose used to ensure patency of IV catheters

Action: increases the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa

Therapeutic Class: anticoagulant

Pharmacologic Class: antithrombotic

Nursing Considerations:
 monitor for signs of bleeding
 monitor platelet count
 may cause hyperkalemia
 have patient report any signs of bleeding

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