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Ciprofloxacin – Side Effects, Uses, Mechanism of Action, Dosage, Interactions, Warning

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Ciprofloxacin – Side Effects, Uses, Mechanism of Action, Dosage, Interactions, Warning
Ciprofloxacin, marketed under brand names such as Cipro, Ciloxan, and Cetraxal, is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including urinary tract, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin, bone, joint, intra-abdominal infections, anthrax, and typhoid fever. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential for bacterial DNA processes, leading to bacterial cell death. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues, CNS effects, hypersensitivity reactions, and musculoskeletal problems like tendinitis. Serious but rare side effects involve peripheral neuropathy, seizures, psychiatric effects, and QT prolongation. Dosages vary by infection type, patient age, and kidney function, with adjustments needed for renal impairment. Ciprofloxacin interacts with antacids, warfarin, theophylline, NSAIDs, and diabetes medications. Warnings include risks of tendinitis, tendon rupture, irreversible nerve damage, CNS effects, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis, QT prolongation, and hypersensitivity reactions, particularly cautioning use in pediatric patients due to potential effects on joint and cartilage development.
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