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Hydroxyzine (Atarax/Vistaril) – Side Effects, Uses, Mechanism of Action, Dosage, Interactions

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Hydroxyzine (Atarax/Vistaril) – Side Effects, Uses, Mechanism of Action, Dosage, Interactions, Warnings
Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax and Vistaril, is a first-generation antihistamine used to treat conditions like allergies (hives, dermatitis), anxiety, insomnia, nausea, and for preoperative sedation. It works by blocking histamine H1 receptors, reducing allergic symptoms like itching, and its sedative and anticholinergic effects make it useful for anxiety and sleep disorders. Common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and headache, while rare but serious effects can involve heart rhythm issues and confusion. Typical dosages vary by use, with 50-100 mg for anxiety, 25 mg for allergies, and 50-100 mg for sedation. Hydroxyzine interacts with CNS depressants, MAOIs, and anticholinergic drugs, increasing the risk of sedation and other side effects. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in the elderly, and may impair activities requiring alertness like driving.
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