🧪 Lactulose for Hyperammonemia: Mechanism & Clinical Use
Lactulose is a key treatment for hyperammonemia, particularly in hepatic encephalopathy. But how does it work? This video breaks down the mechanism of action, dosage, clinical indications, and side effects of lactulose in treating ammonia buildup due to liver disease (cirrhosis, acute liver failure, and portosystemic shunting).

What You’ll Learn in This Video:
✔️ What is hyperammonemia, and why does it occur in liver disease?
✔️ How lactulose lowers ammonia levels through colonic acidification
✔️ Clinical indications: Hepatic encephalopathy, portal-systemic shunting, and urea cycle disorders
✔️ Dosage & administration for acute vs. chronic hyperammonemia
✔️ Side effects and contraindications of lactulose therapy
✔️ High-yield USMLE & medical exam facts

⏰ Timestamps
00:00 Ammonia pathway
00:27 Aminoacid deamination
00:48 Urea degradation
01:26 Lactulose pathway
02:02 Lactulose degradation
03:40 Lactulose mechanisms

#usmle #step1 #step2 #medicine #pathology #physiology #education #medicalschool #pharmacology #biochemistry #highyield #lab

Diagnosis and Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy A Case-based Guide Bajaj, Jasmohan S. 2018

Clinical Investigation of Portal Hypertension ch 55 Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy Kosuke Kaji, Norihisa Nishimura, Kei Moriya, and Hitoshi Yoshiji pp.533-541 January 2019

Refining the Ammonia Hypothesis: A Physiology-Driven Approach to the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy Elliot B. Tapper, MD; Z. Gordon Jiang, MD, PhD; and Vilas R. Patwardhan, MD Mayo Clinic Proceedings May 2015 Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 646–658

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