Pharmacology of Docusate Sodium (Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate); Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Use

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Docusate sodium, also known as dioctyl sulfosuccinate, is a stool softener used to treat constipation. It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass.

Mechanism of Action
Docusate sodium acts as a surfactant, reducing the surface tension of the stool, allowing water and fats to penetrate and soften it. This helps to ease bowel movements.

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Docusate sodium is minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution: It is distributed primarily in the gastrointestinal tract.

Metabolism: Docusate sodium is metabolized in the liver.

Excretion: Excreted mainly in the feces, with a small amount excreted in the urine.

Onset of Action: The onset of action is typically 12 to 72 hours after oral administration.

Clinical Uses
Docusate sodium is used for:

Constipation: To treat constipation associated with dry, hard stools or opioid-induced constipation.

Stool Softener: To prevent straining during bowel movements in patients with hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or after surgery.

Side Effects
Common side effects include:

Diarrhea

Abdominal cramps

Nausea

Throat irritation (with liquid forms)

Contraindications
Docusate sodium should not be used in individuals with:

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Intestinal obstruction

Acute abdominal pain

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