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El metoprolol es un bloqueador del receptor β₁ selectivo usado en el tratamiento de enfermedades severas del sistema cardiovascular, especialmente de la hipertensión y el infarto agudo de miocardio.
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هنتكلم عن كل المعلومات اللي لازم تعرفها قبل ما تستخدم دواء البلاكونيل أو الهيدروكسيكلوروكوين. هنتكلم عن مين اللي بيستخدمه، شكل الدواء، إزاي يتاخد، الأعراض الجانبية الشائعة والغير شائعة وكيف نحمي نفسنا منها.
ليه لازم نتابع مع طبيب العيون أو طبيب الرمد، وهنناقش آثاره على القلب واللي الناس اتكلمت عنها كتير في الفترة اللي فاتت بعد ما فشل في علاج فيروسات زي الكورونا.
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تحياتي
د. حمدي محمد عبد العزيز
الاستشاري
المصادر:
1- RECOVERY trial investigators. No clinical benefit from use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. https://www.recoverytrial.net/....news/statement-from-
2- NIH halts clinical trial of hydroxychloroquine https://www.nih.gov/news-event....s/news-releases/nih-
3- WHO discontinues hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19 https://www.who.int/news-room/....detail/04-07-2020-wh
4- WHO. “Solidarity” clinical trial for COVID-19 treatments: Update on hydroxychloroquine. https://www.who.int/emergencie....s/diseases/novel-cor
5- Baer AN, Witter FR, and Petri M, "Lupus and Pregnancy," Obstet Gynecol Surv, 2011, 66(10):639-53
6- Bahloul E, Jallouli M, Garbaa S, et al. Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation in systemic diseases: prevalence, clinical features and risk factors: a cross-sectional study of 41 cases. Lupus. 2017;26(12):1304‐1308.
7- Balevic SJ, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Eudy AM, Green TP, Schanberg LE, Clowse MEB. Hydroxychloroquine levels throughout pregnancies complicated by rheumatic disease: implications for maternal and neonatal outcomes.
8- Birru Talabi M, Clowse MEB. Antirheumatic medications in pregnancy and breastfeeding
9- https://www.accessdata.fda.gov..../drugsatfda_docs/lab
At the National Kidney Foundation Spring Clinical Meetings, Matthew R. Weir, MD, spoke about results of a study that measured the efficacy and safety of Veltassa for patients with hyperkalemia.
The results presented in a poster here were from a pooled analysis of 653 patients from the OPAL-HK, AMETHYST-DN and TOURMALINE phase 3 clinical studies. Overall, 98% of the patients had hypertension and 93% of patients were taking renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)-inhibitor therapy.
Weir said results demonstrate the utility of the new approach to control hyperkalemia, as Veltassa (patiromer, Relypsa Inc.) consistently reduced potassium levels in the patients studied, including patients on RAAS-inhibitor therapy.
See more Nephrology videos at https://www.healio.com/nephrology/news/video
Explore bicarbonate's pivotal role in treating hyperkalemia, a condition marked by high potassium levels in the blood. We'll examine how bicarbonate helps lower potassium levels and the benefits and potential side effects of this treatment.
SIMILAR VIDEOS
Kayexalate: https://youtu.be/0uAd8upTtZU
Furosemide: https://youtu.be/F9Xor5Ml8yY
Calcium: https://youtu.be/2Xus7HVYmKM
Insulin: https://youtu.be/6wDoHHySnng
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⚠️ For Healthcare Practitioners: This content is provided only for medical education. Although the authors have made every effort to provide the most up-to-date, evidence-based medical information, this content should not necessarily be considered the standard of care. It may not reflect individual practices in other geographic locations. It should be considered in the context of other medical educational resources.
⚠️ For the Public: This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should contact your own physician or other qualified healthcare providers with any questions you may have regarding your medical condition. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it based on information from this content. Relying on information provided in this content is done at your own risk. In a medical emergency, contact your physician or call 9-1-1 immediately.
SHA Lokelma the New Path for Hyperkalemia Management (12th Feb 2022)
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Please see Important Safety Information and Full Prescribing Information:
https://spr.ly/LOKELMASafetyInformation.
High potassium (hyperkalemia) is when levels are higher than normal, which are above 5.0 mEq/L. Learn about the potential risks of not treating hyperkalemia as prescribed and what you can do to lower your K⁺ levels.
ジルコニウムシクロケイ酸ナトリウム水和物
ロケルマって何の薬?
ロケルマの飲み方は?
ロケルマの効能効果は?
ロケルマの副作用は?
▶このビデオを他のユーザーと共有する: https://youtu.be/KLi0keMpzrU
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#ジルコニウムシクロケイ酸ナトリウム水和物
#zirconium
#ロケルマ
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Dr. Biff F. Palmer, a Professor of Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas TX., reviews his article appearing in the February 2020 issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, where he discusses the benefits of two newly approved treatments for hyperkalemia: sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and patiromer. These appear to allow better maintenance of normal kalemia and may also ease the dietary restrictions on potassium containing foods (which are generally hearth healthy) for patients with chronic kidney disease.
Available at: https://mayocl.in/35IgUK5
Please see Important Safety Information and Full Prescribing Information:
https://spr.ly/LOKELMASafetyInformation.
Learn about high potassium (hyperkalemia), find savings and support, and ask your doctor how you can best manage high levels of potassium.
Kayexalate, a crucial medication used for treating high potassium levels in the blood. We'll break down how it works, its dosage, pharmacology, and side effects so you can understand it.
SIMILAR VIDEOS:
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Calcium: https://youtu.be/2Xus7HVYmKM
Furosemide: https://youtu.be/F9Xor5Ml8yY
DISCLAIMER
⚠️ For Healthcare Practitioners: This content is provided only for medical education. Although the authors have made every effort to provide the most up-to-date, evidence-based medical information, this content should not necessarily be considered the standard of care. It may not reflect individual practices in other geographic locations. It should be considered in the context of other medical educational resources.
⚠️ For the Public: This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should contact your own physician or other qualified healthcare providers with any questions you may have regarding your medical condition. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it based on information from this content. Relying on information provided in this content is done at your own risk. In a medical emergency, contact your physician or call 9-1-1 immediately.
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Here’s what you need to know about psyllium husks. Check this out.
DATA:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....topics/medicine-and-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21082352
Best Natural Laxatives:
https://youtu.be/WuyyXsGdFyQ
Timestamps
0:07 What are psyllium husks?
0:26 Psyllium husks uses
0:29 Psyllium husks benefits
0:49 Psyllium husks dosage
0:58 Psyllium husks side effects
In this video, I’m going to cover what you need to know about psyllium husks.
What are psyllium husks?
Psyllium seed husks come from a plant called plantago ovata. Out of all of the fibers, psyllium has the most soluble fiber.
Psyllium husks uses:
Psyllium husks are mainly used as a natural laxative.
Psyllium husks benefits:
• It may be good for constipation
• It may be good for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• It may be good for high blood pressure
• It may be good for heart disease
• It may be good for diabetes
• It may be good for cholesterol
How to use psyllium husks:
The amount you may want to consider taking would be about 7 grams per day. Mix this water and drink up. You want to make sure to drink more water to help decrease the potential side effects of psyllium husks.
Psyllium husks side effects:
• Gas
• Abdominal bloating
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Headaches
• Allergy
• Decreasing iron
• Decreasing B2
• Decreasing the absorption of fat
Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio:
Dr. Berg, 56 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of The New Body Type Guide and other books published by KB Publishing. He has taught students nutrition as an adjunct professor at Howard University. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media.
Follow us on FACEBOOK: fb.me/DrEricBerg
ABOUT DR. BERG: http://bit.ly/33rkmsk
Disclaimer:
Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients so he can focus on educating people as a full time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, and prescription or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Numerous drugs used to manage and treat multiple diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and other pathologies, can be harmful to the kidneys and are referred to as nephrotoxic medications.
In this video, I highlight 5 of those medications.
Link to article from The Kidney Foundation on herbal supplement use in chronic kidney disease - https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/herbalsupp
Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels in your blood) is a very dangerous condition, especially in patients having kidney diseases. It is a fatal condition that can even cause death. But if you know the signs and symptoms of high potassium levels in your blood, you can save your or someone else’s life. So in this video, we’ll tell you all the hyperkalemia
symptoms you should be aware of.
#HyperkalemiaSymptoms #signsOfHighPotassium #HighPotassiumSymptoms
OTHER VIDEOS SUGGESTED FOR YOU
6 signs you have a potassium deficiency
https://youtu.be/Grlk4tDt10M
8 Signs Of Low Blood Sugar And How To Treat It
https://youtu.be/66nRImvQxOA
TIMESTAMPS
Intro - 0:00
Muscle weakness - 1:54
Numbness and tingling - 2:29
Nausea and vomiting - 2:52
Abnormal heartbeat - 3:08
Shortness of breath - 3:57
How to check the potassium levels in your blood - 4:57
Conclusion - 5:34
SUMMARY
1. Muscle weakness: Hyperkalemia is characterized by ascending muscle weakness that begins with the legs and progresses to the trunk and arms. This is one of the very important signs of high blood potassium levels. Simple activities such as walking will make you feel weak. Your muscles can also lose their ability to function properly, leading to fatigue. You may have dull, continuous pain in your muscles. It may feel as if you have completed a strenuous workout or a physical exercise when you have just started your day.
2. Numbness and tingling: Having too much potassium in your blood also affects nerve function. Potassium helps you fire signals in your brain. But this becomes harder when there is too much potassium in your blood. Gradually you may develop neurological symptoms such as numbness or a feeling of “pins and needles” striking your limbs.
3. Nausea and vomiting: Hyperkalemia can also have a detrimental effect on your digestive health. In some people, too much potassium has been linked to vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain.
4. Abnormal heartbeat: A side effect of hyperkalemia is the risk of developing an abnormal heartbeat. This occurs when damage occurs to the muscles that control your heart. This can cause heart palpitations, chest pain, and lead to heart failure. Your heartbeat may feel like your heart has stopped beating. This feeling is not only felt in the chest. Some people feel a tingling sensation in the neck and throat, too. If you have a heart rhythm problem, you may feel a strong pressure on your chest, arms, and neck. Other symptoms such as diarrhea, heartburn, cold sweats, and dizziness may also occur. If you experience these symptoms, call 911 or seek immediate medical attention.
5. Shortness of breath: Breathing problem is another indication of high potassium levels. This occurs when high blood potassium begins to affect the muscles that control breathing. Your lungs do not get enough oxygen because of the increased heart rate. You may have difficulty holding your breath or feeling tightness in your chest. In extreme cases, it may feel as if you were being choked. Call your doctor and seek medical help as soon as possible in case you feel this.
Most people have a few symptoms. When symptoms appear, they are usually mild and vague. You may feel muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, nausea, or other unusual sensations. It usually grows slowly for several weeks or months and is usually mild. It can come back.
Sudden or severe hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition. It requires immediate medical attention.
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How Does Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (Lokelma) Work? In this informative video, we will discuss Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate, commonly known as Lokelma, and its role in treating high potassium levels in the blood, a condition referred to as hyperkalemia. We will explain how Lokelma works by binding potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating their elimination through feces. This mechanism is essential for managing elevated potassium levels effectively and safely.
You’ll learn about Lokelma's unique properties, including its non-absorbed nature and its ability to selectively capture potassium ions without affecting other electrolytes. We will also highlight the significance of Lokelma's rapid action, which can be particularly beneficial in emergency situations. Understanding the application of Lokelma in both immediate treatment and long-term management of hyperkalemia is important for healthcare providers and first responders alike.
Join us as we break down the science behind this medication and its practical implications in the field of emergency medicine. Don't forget to subscribe to our channel for more helpful discussions on first responders medicine and related topics.
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Please note that all content is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always conduct your own research and consult with professionals when necessary. The content provided is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have seen in this content. Never rely on this information in place of consulting with qualified healthcare professionals. The creators and distributors of this content are not responsible for any adverse effects or consequences resulting from the use of any suggestions, preparations, or procedures described in this material. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new health-related practice or program.
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In this video, we discuss the symptoms and causes of high potassium, also known as hyperkalemia. Potassium is an essential mineral that helps regulate heart rhythm and muscle function, but when levels get too high, it can lead to serious health problems. Learn about the common symptoms of hyperkalemia and what causes high potassium levels, such as kidney disease, medication use, and dietary factors.
Read more about high potassium (hyperkalemia): https://www.kidney.org/atoz/co....ntent/what-hyperkale
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What do high blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia) mean, and what can you do about this situation? Find out.
DATA:
https://www.exatest.com/
Timestamps
0:00 High blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia)
1:20 Hyperkalemia causes
2:30 Typical hyperkalemia treatment
3:05 Hypokalemia
3:20 Symptoms of hypokalemia
3:30 Testing for hyperkalemia and hypokalemia
Today we’re going to talk about high levels of potassium in your blood, which is called hyperkalemia.
98% of all of the potassium in your body is actually inside of your cells, not outside of the cells or in your blood. When evaluating hyperkalemia, we’re really looking at just the 2%, so we’re not seeing the whole picture of what’s going on.
Considering that the majority of the potassium is inside of the cell, measuring potassium levels based on the blood may not be a good way to determine if a person has too much or too little potassium. However, there is an intracellular potassium test that I believe is much more valuable.
A few important things about hyperkalemia:
• It’s very rare
• There are very few symptoms associated with hyperkalemia (severe cases may cause palpitations, tiredness, muscle pain, and muscle weakness)
• There is a condition called pseudohyperkalemia (which is basically a false impression that you have high levels of potassium in the blood)
• Excessive intake of potassium is not a primary cause of hyperkalemia
A few causes of hyperkalemia:
• Advanced kidney disease
• Addison’s disease
• NSAIDs
• Certain high blood pressure medications
The typical treatment for hyperkalemia typically involves taking:
• Calcium
• Insulin
• Dextrose
• Sodium bicarbonate
On the other hand, A deficiency of potassium in the blood is called hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is the most common form of electrolyte imbalance when someone is hospitalized.
A few symptoms of hypokalemia:
• Leg cramps
• Weakness
• Constipation
• Abnormal heart rhythm issues
Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio:
Dr. Berg, age 58, is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of the best-selling book The Healthy Keto Plan, and is the Director of Dr. Berg Nutritionals. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media.
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Thanks for watching! I hope this helps you better understand high blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
What Are The Side Effects Of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (Lokelma)? In this informative video, we will discuss sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, also known as Lokelma, and its potential side effects. Understanding these side effects is important for anyone considering this medication, especially for those managing high blood potassium levels. We will cover common side effects, such as edema and hypokalemia, and how they may impact individuals with heart failure or kidney disease.
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References:
DailyMed - LITHIUM CARBONATE capsule. (2025). Nih.gov. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/d....ailymed/drugInfo.cfm
Hamstra, S. I., Roy, B. D., Tiidus, P., MacNeil, A. J., Klentrou, P., MacPherson, R. E. K., & Fajardo, V. A. (2023). Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation. Current neuropharmacology, 21(4), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220302151224
Nolen, W. A., Licht, R. W., Young, A. H., Malhi, G. S., Tohen, M., Vieta, E., Kupka, R. W., Zarate, C., Nielsen, R. E., Baldessarini, R. J., Severus, E., & ISBD/IGSLI Task Force on the treatment with lithium (2019). What is the optimal serum level for lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder? A systematic review and recommendations from the ISBD/IGSLI Task Force on treatment with lithium. Bipolar disorders, 21(5), 394–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12805
Reddy, D. S., & Reddy, M. S. (2014). Serum Lithium Levels: Ideal Time for Sample Collection! Are We Doing it Right?. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 36(3), 346–347. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.135399
Stahl, S. M., Grady, M. M., & Muntner, N. (2021). Stahl's essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications. Cambridge University Press.
Stahl,S. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Prescriber’s Guide, 7th Ed. Cambridge University Press.
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These are all the psychiatric drugs I've taken for Depression and Bipolar Disorder. The side effects going onto each drug and increasing the dosage are really awful and made me sick all the time. But I LOVE the result and it's worth fighting through all the acne, exhaustion, flu-like symptoms, dehydration, etc. I have Bipolar 2 and experience mostly depressive episodes with lighter hypomanic times.
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Lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are primarily used as a psychiatric medication. This includes the treatment of major depressive disorder that does not improve following the use of other antidepressants, and bipolar disorder. In these disorders, it reduces the risk of suicide. Lithium is taken by mouth.
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In this video I breakdown a mnemonic device used to outline the signs and symptoms of Lithium side effects.
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► *Timestamps*
00:00 Introduction
00:19 What Is Lithium
01:46 Different Lithium Supplement Types
03:21 How & When To Take Lithium
03:48 Lithium Side Effects
Dr. Andrew Huberman discusses the unusual and fascinating history of using lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
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Lithium is associated with a broad range of adverse effects that can result in nonadherence.
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Lithium Side Effects and Mechanism of Action | Nursing Pharmacology
In this video, you'll learn the side effects of lithium and lithium's mechanism of action.
This is a super simple way to learn pharmacology faster and easier in nursing school, step by step. And this video will help you understand the critical thinking behind the side effects and how lithium actually works inside the body.
Mechanism of Action of Lithium:
The mechanism of action of lithium is not fully known, but it is widely distributed in the central nervous system and interacting with many neurotransmitters and receptors.
This is thought to alter the effects of dopamine, decreasing the excited neurotransmissions that are occurring.
Lithium Side Effects:
Renal toxicity: Since lithium is excreted in the kidneys, it can lead to a decrease in renal function. This can cause polyuria, which then can lead to further electrolyte imbalances.
Hyponatremia: Lithium causes changes within the sodium transport channels, resulting in a decrease in sodium resorption in the renal tubules.
Sodium imbalances: This can cause seizures, dizziness, lethargy, slowed motor response, dry mouth and blurry vision
Respiratory depression and hypotension: There is a decrease in dopamine, which slows CNS because the receptor sites are blocked.
Tachycardia: This happens as a response to low blood pressure that was decreased from the lack of dopamine in the CNS.
Constipation, GI upset, and weight gain: There is a decrease in dopamine, which slows everything down in the GI system.
Muscle weakness, tremors, and rigidity: Especially with high doses of lithium, muscle rigidity can happen because of the changes in the neurotransmitters which control movements, specifically, dopamine
Hypothyroid: Lithium interferes with T3 and T4 secretion and can cause hypothyroid, the MOA for this is not clear.
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In this video “Lithium: Levels and Toxicity” you will learn about:
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The drug lithium has had a remarkable impact on our lives, becoming the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder and greatly reducing the risk of suicide. But what is less well known is its history as a cure-all, its presence in mineral springs and how it was a key ingredient in the soft drink 7Up when it was launched in 1920s.
If you want to learn more about the remarkable story of lithium, head to the All in the Mind podcast: https://ab.co/3fMPHMR
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#LithiumExplainer
Lithium is not just used in batteries — it can also have a remarkable effect on our mood.
In the 1940s, Australian doctor John Cade discovered lithium to be a highly effective treatment for what was then called manic depression.
Today, it's considered the gold-standard treatment for bipolar disorder.
Walter Brown, a clinical psychiatrist and professor at Brown University in the US, says when lithium-based medication works, "it's extraordinarily effective".
"It really turns people's lives around."
Lithium medication cannot only act as a mood stabiliser, but also greatly reduces the risk of suicide, a benefit often not seen in other medications.
Since the risk of suicide is about 20 times higher in patients with bipolar disorder than the general population, it's safe to say Dr Cade's discovery has saved millions of lives worldwide.
Lithium is the lightest metal of the periodic table. It's found naturally in nearly all rocks, as well as soil and still bodies of water.
It often makes its way into vegetables, grains, spices and drinking water — and in the original recipe for the soft drink 7Up.
Launched as "Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda" in 1929, 7Up contained lithium citrate, one of the many ingestible "salt" forms of the metal.
7Up stopped adding lithium citrate to its formula in 1948. Until then, though, it was seen as a health drink.
In the late 19th to early 20th centuries, lithium was seen a bit of a "cure all"; a healthy added extra to pop in pretty much anything, kind of like the turmeric of its day.
It was common practice for companies to bottle water from mineral springs and sell it as a take-home remedy.
But people have believed in the curative properties of mineral waters long before that.
"The ancient Greeks, probably Romans, also Native Americans, did bathe in mineral waters that probably contained lithium," Professor Brown said.
All those naturally occurring lithium salts that found their way into the groundwater would be especially present in mineral springs and as a health drink.
And while the element of lithium itself was yet to be discovered, those cultures would attribute healing properties to the mineral springs.
"Soranus of Ephesus, a medical doctor from the second century, prescribed mineral waters actually for people who were manic and had other psychiatric problems," Professor Brown said.
It's now thought that there may be some truth to the medical benefits of mineral springs due to the presence of lithium salts.
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If you struggle with knowing what key facts to memorize about medications, I am here to help you. This video will be going over the main drug facts about Lithium in a fun and visual way with memory tips and a quick review. It includes drug names, memory tips, indications, side effects, contraindications, mechanisms of action, and counseling points.
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👩⚕️ Nicole Cain, ND, MA, is a pioneer in integrative approaches for mental and emotional wellness. With a degree in clinical psychology, training in EMDR, and a license as a Naturopathic Physician in the state of Arizona, her approach to mental health is multidisciplinary: medical, psychological, and holistic.
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Learn about lithium kidney damage and lithium toxicity through learning lithiums effect on kidney.
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The video discusses the effects of lithium on the kidneys, aiming to simplify complex nephrology concepts. Lithium primarily induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), resulting in excessive urination and thirst due to decreased response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This resistance occurs because lithium disrupts ADH signaling, hindering water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. The subsequent inability to concentrate urine leads to polyuria and polydipsia. Chronic use of lithium can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD), marked by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and potential interstitial nephritis and fibrosis. Despite this, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) from lithium is rare, occurring in a small percentage of long-term users. Management includes monitoring kidney function, maintaining lower lithium levels, and considering discontinuation in severe cases. The video emphasizes simplifying renal physiology by breaking it down into three main components: glomerulus, renal tubules, and collecting ducts. It also addresses misconceptions and clarifies terminology related to kidney function assessment and pathology. Overall, while lithium poses renal risks, careful monitoring and management can mitigate adverse effects.
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#lithium #bipolar #bipolardisorder
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00:00 Ready, Able to Learn Nephrology
00:10 Introduction, Lithium's Effect on the Kidney
01:12 Nephron's For Dummies
02:26 Etymology of Diabetes
03:13 Collecting Duct
03:40 Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) Review
04:33 How Lithium Causes Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
07:29 Chronic Kidney Disease
08:15 Lithium's Overall Impact on Kidney
12:51 Outro
In this video we will cover everything you need to know about Lithium, also known as Lithobid. This video is part of a video series on mental health problems. So for more mental health related videos check out this playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLaG3Bo3L0gX
Generic name: Lithium.
Brand names: Camcolit, Lithobid, Eskalith and Lithonate.
Available as regular tablets, delayed-release tablets and capsules.
How to use it?
Regular tablets and/or capsules: Swallow them completely with half a glass of water.
Delayed-release tablets: Swallow them whole with half a glass of water. Do not chew or crush these tablets, as this will unintentionally release all the active ingredient at the same time. This may decrease the effectivity and may increase the side effects you experience.
When to use it?
Lithium is a salt, which shares similarities with sodium and potassium. It can be used to treat several medical conditions like:
- Bipolar disorder.
- Depressive episodes.
- And off label it can be used to treat cluster headache.
What is the correct dosage?
the precise dose will depend on your specific indication of use, the side effect you might experience, the severity of your symptoms and on the blood levels of lithium you will be having throughout your treatment.
For lithium to be effect the dose needs to be precisely monitored. Therefore I can’t provide you with commonly prescribed dosages in this video.
Always use the precise amount and frequency your doctor prescribed you.
What are common the side-effects?
Very common (10%): excessive thirst, excessive peeing, shaking hands and weight gain.
Common (1-10%): slow working thyroid gland, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Rare (0.1-0.01%): Concentration and memory impairment, increased sebum production and acne.
Safety:
First of all be careful to combine lithium with alcohol. As this might increase the side effects.
In addition, it can be dangerous to drive while using this drug. As it can cause you to become drowsy, sleepy and/or dizzy. If you experiencing any of these side effects then please do not drive.
Furthermore, lithium can have interactions with other drugs your are taking. always discuss this with your prescribing doctor.
Lastly lithium can be dangerous for people with a severely impaired kidney function, severe heart disease and/or (severe) brain damage. Always discuss this with your doctor.
Pregnancy and Lactation:
Lithium can be dangerous in both cases, however there are some exceptions. Therefore always discuss this with your doctor.
- Disclaimer: this video and the comments are meant purely informational! This is not medical advice! If you are looking for medical advice always contact your own doctor. -
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Literature:
1: Farmacotherapeutisch Kompas. (2020). Lithium.
2: Apotheek.nl (2020). Lithium.
* The images in this video are used for educational purposes only. Most of the images and video material in this video come from https://www.canva.com/.
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