Aciclovir - Pharmacology, Indication, Dosage and Uses, Contraindication and Precaution

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Aciclovir - Pharmacology, Indication, Dosage and Uses, Contraindication and Precaution.

Aciclovir.
Aciclovir (also known as acyclovir) is indeed an antiviral medication commonly used for the treatment of various viral infections. Its primary applications include the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus), and shingles (herpes zoster). This medication works by inhibiting the replication of the viruses, thereby helping to reduce the severity and duration of these infections.

Pharmacology:
• Aciclovir is a synthetic purine derivative, targeting Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Varicella zoster virus by hindering DNA synthesis, thus inhibiting viral replication. Its antiviral action relies on intracellular conversion to Aciclovir Triphosphate, primarily facilitated by the virus-coded thymidine kinase. This conversion chain leads to the formation of the pharmacologically active triphosphate form. Percutaneous absorption of Aciclovir is minimal when topically applied to intact skin.

Indications:
• Aciclovir Cream is indicated for treating initial and recurrent labial and genital Herpes simplex infections, with early initiation recommended.
• Acyclovir tablets are indicated for viral infections involving herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella-zoster virus, encompassing herpes zoster, chickenpox, and herpes simplex infections on the skin and mucous membranes, including both initial and recurrent genital herpes. It's also prescribed for prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients.

Dosage and Administration:
• Aciclovir Cream should be applied to affected lesions five times daily for 5-10 days, ensuring cleanliness and dryness. Patients are advised to wear loose-fitting clothing to prevent irritation.
• Acyclovir dosages vary, with oral administration for herpes simplex initial therapy (200mg, 5 times daily for 10 days), herpes simplex chronic suppressive therapy (200-400mg, 2-4 times daily for 12 months), herpes zoster (800mg, 5 times at 4-hour intervals for 7-10 days), and varicella-zoster (20mg/kg, not exceeding 800mg, 4 times daily for 5 days). Dosing is adjusted for children under 2 years and the elderly as required, or as directed by a physician.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation:
• Both medications have specific considerations during pregnancy and lactation. Aciclovir is pregnancy category B, with caution exercised when used by nursing mothers. Acyclovir should be used during pregnancy when the potential benefit justifies potential fetal risk, and nursing mothers should use it with caution.

Contraindications:
• Aciclovir is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to the drug, while Acyclovir should be avoided by those who develop hypersensitivity or intolerance to its components.

Precautions:
• Caution is needed when administering Acyclovir to patients with renal impairment, and dosages should be adjusted based on creatinine clearance.

Side Effects:
• Side effects for both medications may include fever, headache, pain, edema, anaphylaxis (rarely), dizziness, somnolence, gastrointestinal symptoms, and more.
• Transient burning or stinging may occur with Aciclovir Cream, and mild skin reactions such as erythema and flaking have been reported.

Storage:
• Store both medications below 25°C, protected from light, and out of the reach of children.

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