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Acyclovir mechanism of action - 3D medical animation
What is Acyclovir?
Acyclovir (or Aciclovir) is a human-made purine nucleoside analog which suppresses the activity of all two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and 2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The primary purpose is to inhibit the multiplication of the virus. It decreases the production of the virus's DNA.
How does it work?
Its affinity for thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV and VZV, determines the high selectivity of acyclovir. With the help of viral TK, it is transformed into a nucleotide analog; acyclovir monophosphate which is then converted by host cell kinases to acyclovir triphosphate. ACP-TP prevents further viral DNA synthesis without affecting the natural cellular processes. There are three primary mechanisms of suppression: integration into DNA chain and termination of it, competitive suppression, and deactivation of the DNA polymerase. A high affinity towards the viral enzyme, thymidine kinase (TK) by Acyclovir makes the drug more effective on herpes simplex.
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