Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) - Everything You Need To Know

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Chlorpheniramine is a first-generation antihistamine belonging to the alkylamine class.
It is widely used to treat symptoms of allergies and the common cold.
Its effects are due to its ability to antagonize histamine H1 receptors.
Major Indications Chlorpheniramine include the following.
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever.
Urticaria, or hives.
Allergic conjunctivitis.
Mild allergic skin conditions such as pruritus.
And for the relief of symptoms in the common cold, including sneezing, runny nose, and itching of the throat or nose.
Chlorpheniramine works by blocking histamine H1 receptors.
Histamine is a chemical released by mast cells during allergic reactions, causing symptoms like swelling, redness, and itching.
By inhibiting these receptors, chlorpheniramine reduces the physiological effects of histamine, alleviating allergy symptoms.
Chlorpheniramine can be administered through several rotes, with the oral route being the most common one.
Tablets, syrups, or extended-release formulations are available.
Intramuscular or intravenous administration are typically used in acute allergic reactions.
Topical chlorpheniramine is sometimes included in combination formulations for skin allergies.
Chlorpheniramine is primarily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2D6.
The drug and its metabolites are excreted mainly via the kidneys in urine.
A small proportion may be excreted unchanged.
Major Adverse Effects of Chlorpheniramine include the following.
Central Nervous System effects such as Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, impaired coordination, and sedation due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Anticholinergic Effects such as Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
Gastrointestinal Effects such as Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.
And rarely, cardiac Effects such as Palpitations, tachycardia, or QT prolongation.
Contraindications for the use of Chlorpheniramine include the following.
Hypersensitivity, or known allergy to chlorpheniramine or other antihistamines.
Narrow-angle glaucoma, due to its anticholinergic effects, which can increase intraocular pressure.
Severe hypertension or coronary artery disease.
In newborns and premature infants due to increased sensitivity to antihistamines.
Concurrent use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors due to the risk of severe interactions, such as hypertensive crisis.

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