Why do we give morphine at the end of life? Myths and misconceptions about morphine clarified.

Key Points:

1. WHO Pain Ladder

2. Concept of Total Pain

3. Oral Morphine Formulations

4. When & How to prescribe Oral Morphine

5. Side Effects of Morphine

6. Morphine Myths

This video has been updated to include information about Fentanyl. View the updated video here: ttps://youtu.be/Yv9PwLfPrXY

#opioids #OpioidAddiction #fentanyl

MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Opioids are drugs that are prescribed to treat moderately severe or severe pain. Examples of these drugs include hydrocodone, oxycodone, morphine, hydromorphone, and methadone. Heroin, an illegal drug, is also an opioid. In order to understand how opioids work, it’s important to know how your body feels pain. The process begins when something harmful happens to your body. Information about this harm is converted to a nerve signal. The signal passes along nerves to your spinal cord and brain. In your brain, the signal is perceived as pain. Opioid drugs affect how you feel pain. They attach to structures, called opioid receptors. These receptors are found on cells in your brain, spinal cord, and other areas of your body. Opioids act on these receptors to make you feel less pain. These drugs also have different effects in other areas. For example, opioids act on the reward pathway in your brain. This causes a release of a chemical called dopamine that results in a happy feeling, or “high.” Opioids may also cause slower breathing. And, they may cause reduced motion of your intestines, resulting in constipation. For most people, when opioids are taken as prescribed for a short time, they are fairly safe and effective. But, these drugs can be taken in ways that weren’t prescribed, such as taking too many, taking them to get high, or giving them to someone else. Misusing these drugs can raise your risk of developing drug tolerance, dependence, addiction, and overdose. Tolerance means the drug is less effective over time. This can happen when opioid receptors become less sensitive to the effects of the drug. As a result, more of the drug needs to be taken for you to get pain relief. Dependence happens if a person has symptoms when they stop using the drug. When the drug is removed, or withdrawn, you feel sick. This sickness is called withdrawal. Opioid withdrawal has flu-like symptoms that include restlessness and anxiety, muscle aches, inability to sleep, watery eyes and runny nose, nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhea, and dilated, or widened, pupils. Opioid addiction is a brain disease where you have an overwhelming craving for the drug. You can’t stop taking the drug despite the harm it may cause you. Addiction is not the same as dependence. You can be tolerant of a drug or dependent on a drug, without being addicted to it. Finally, opioid overdose is a condition where taking too much of the drug can cause life-threatening symptoms, or even death. The symptoms of opioid overdose can include confusion, feeling very sleepy or not alert, nausea and vomiting, constricted, or small, pupils, unconsciousness, slow or stopped breathing, and death. According to the Centers for Disease Control, over one hundred Americans die each day from opioid overdoses. If you have questions about opioids, or if you or someone close to you needs help for an opioid use disorder, talk to your healthcare provider.

ANH21245

Your Brain On Morphine

Morphine is a powerful opioid pain medication that is commonly used to treat moderate to severe pain. However, it can also have significant effects on the brain and the body.

We will take a closer look at how morphine works in the brain to reduce pain, as well as the potential side effects and risks associated with its use. We will also discuss the development of tolerance and addiction, and the challenges of withdrawal. Additionally, we will examine the long-term effects of morphine use on the brain, including its impact on memory, cognition, and brain chemistry.

It is important to note that while morphine can be a valuable tool for managing pain, it should always be used under the guidance and supervision of a medical professional. Misuse of morphine can lead to serious health consequences and addiction.

This video aims to provide a comprehensive and scientific understanding of the effects of morphine on the brain, to help individuals make informed decisions about its use.

You might have heard that giving morphine leads to a quicker death. Dr. Paulien Moyaert busts one of the most popular myths about morphine. She explains the mechanism of action of morphine, its clinical applications and why morphine does not hasten death at the end of life.

Timecodes:
0:00 Why would you need morphine?
0:10 How does morphine work?
0:16 Does it hasten death?
0:32 Correlation/Causation
0:39 Does it make a person live longer?
1:02 The end

Morphine is a potent painkiller that is frequently used in hospice care. It is also given to ease the feeling of shortness of breath. Morphine relaxes the muscles in the airways and increases the airflow to the lungs.

You might have heard that giving morphine leads to a quicker death. However, there is absolutely no evidence that opioids such as morphine speed up the dying process. Part of this misconception is sourced from experiences in which death was immediately preceded by a dose of morphine. It is important to remember that correlation does not imply causation. In fact, research shows that using morphine near the end of life may help a person live a bit longer. This extension is because it can be exhausting to experience pain and trouble breathing, and people nearing the end of life have limited strength and energy. So, it makes sense that treating these symptoms might slow down the rate of decline, if only for a few hours.


#endoflife #morphine #mythsbusted

Does morphine hasten death? | End-of-life myths explained

Side effects of Morphine with Explanation.
watch and subscribe.

#pharmacology #morphine #sideeffects

Morphine is a very potent opioid analgesic, that is mainly used in the treatment of severe acute and chronic pain. It binds to opioid receptors in the pain pathway and alters the response to pain.
Morphine can be administered into the body via several routes. These include oral route. Intravenous. Subcutaneous. Rectal. Intrathecal; and epidural.
Major indications of morphine include the following. To relieve pain in acute myocardial infarctions. To alleviate post operative pain. As an analgesic during surgery. To relieve cancer pain. To relieve pain in trauma. And any other acute or chronic painful condition.
Major adverse effects of morphine include the following. Respiratory depression, which slows down the respiratory rate. Sedation, which increases the risk of aspiration, especially in the post operative period. Suppression of the cough reflex, which increases the risk of aspiration. Nausea and vomiting. Constipation. Tolerance and dependence, which may lead to addiction. And miosis.

#morphine #medtoday

morphine mechanism of action,mechanism of action,medical mnemonics,morphine,morphine side effects,opioids,opiate analgesics,synthetic opioids,endogenous morphine,morphine uses,morphine indications

Welcome to our in-depth guide on Montelukast! In this video, we cover everything you need to know about Montelukast, a medication commonly used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis. Discover how Montelukast works, its benefits, potential side effects, and important considerations for users. Whether you’re considering Montelukast for yourself or a loved one, this video will provide you with essential information to make informed decisions about your health.

#Montelukast #AsthmaManagement #AllergyRelief #Healthcare #MedicationGuide

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Montelukast Mode Of Action,Uses,Side Effects In Hindi
Hi Friends Welcome To Gyanear The Medical Channel I Am Pharmacist Shivam Vishwakarma

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Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention and treatment of asthma in children and adults, and for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in adults.

The most common side effects of montelukast include headache, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, fatigue and sore throat. Other side effects include back pain, nasal congestion and vomiting.

Learn more about Montelukast, its uses, dosage and side effects

Information on how Singulair may cause issues for people, especially children.

Singulair's dangerous side effects: Allergy medicine can cause depression, suicide

Montelukast, sold under the brand name Singulair, is a widely prescribed medication for asthma, seasonal allergies, and exercise-induced breathing problems. In this quick guide, learn how Montelukast works, its major uses, correct dosage, and key side effects — all in under 2 minutes.

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#Montelukast #Singulair #AsthmaTreatment #AllergyRelief #LeukotrieneBlocker

Welcome to MediInsights, where we unlock the wonders of wellness! In this video, we delve into the comprehensive details about Montelukast tablets. Montelukast is a widely prescribed medication for managing asthma and allergic rhinitis. Join us as we explore its uses, dosage guidelines, mechanism of action, potential side effects, and important advice for optimal use.

Montelukast Tablets: Uses
Montelukast tablets are primarily used for the prevention and long-term treatment of asthma in adults and children aged 12 months and older. They are also effective in preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and alleviating symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients aged 2 years and older, and perennial allergic rhinitis in patients aged 6 months and older.

Montelukast Tablets: Dosage

For adults and adolescents (15 years and older) with asthma or allergic rhinitis: 10 mg once daily in the evening.
For children (6-14 years) with asthma or allergic rhinitis: 5 mg chewable tablet once daily in the evening.
For younger children (2-5 years) with asthma or allergic rhinitis: 4 mg chewable tablet or granules once daily in the evening.
For infants (6-23 months) with perennial allergic rhinitis: 4 mg granules once daily in the evening.
Montelukast Tablets: Mechanism of Action
Montelukast works by blocking leukotriene D4 from binding to its receptors on cells in the lungs and bronchial tubes. Leukotrienes are involved in the inflammatory process, leading to bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and inflammation. By inhibiting this action, Montelukast reduces inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production, helping to control asthma symptoms and allergic reactions.

Montelukast Tablets: Side Effects
Common side effects include headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, cough, dental pain, and upper respiratory infections. Serious side effects, though rare, can include mood changes, hallucinations, depression, suicidal thoughts, and liver problems. It's crucial to monitor any side effects and consult with your healthcare provider if they persist or worsen.

Important Advice for Using Montelukast Tablets

Take Montelukast regularly, even when symptom-free.
Do not use Montelukast to treat acute asthma attacks; use a rescue inhaler instead.
Inform your doctor about any existing medical conditions, especially mental health issues or liver problems.
Watch for changes in mood or behavior, and report any serious side effects to your healthcare provider immediately.
Store tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
We hope this video helps you understand the essential aspects of Montelukast tablets. Remember to always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication. Subscribe to MediInsights for more informative videos on health and wellness, and don't forget to like, share, and comment on this video.

MediInsights: Unlocking the Wonders of Wellness

Disclaimer: This video is intended for educational and informational purposes only. The content provided is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or the use of medications. The information presented here is based on general knowledge and research and may not be applicable to individual circumstances. The creators of this video do not endorse or promote any specific medical products or treatment regimens. Viewers are encouraged to consult their healthcare provider for personalized medical advice. The content provided in this video complies with YouTube's community guidelines and policies.

CHAPTERS:
0:00 :INTRO
0:44 :USE OF MONTELUKAST TABLETS
1:09 :DOSAGE OF MONTELUKAST TABLETS
1:47 :MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MONTELUKAST TABLETS
2:20 :SIDE EFFECTS OF MONTELUKAST TABLETS
2:43 :IMPORTANT ADVICES FOR USING MONTELUKAST TABLETS

#Montelukast #AsthmaRelief #AllergyRelief #MedicationGuide #HealthTips #WellnessAdvice #MediInsights #Pharmacology #AsthmaTreatment #AllergicRhinitis #MedicationDosage #MechanismOfAction #SideEffects #Healthcare #PatientEducation #MedicineGuide #AsthmaManagement #HealthAwareness #MedicalInformation #WellnessJourney

Montelukast remains among the top 25 most common medicines with in excess of 25 million prescriptions each year. In spite of its popularity, montelukast regularly fails to provide sufficient advantages to warrant its use. Supposedly it improves symptoms of asthma and nasal allergies but studies suggest monetlukast and placebo may offer about the same degree of relief.

Accepted international guidelines fail to list montelukast as a preferred treatment for asthma and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology suggests not offering montelukast for allergic rhinitis.

In addition to its overall lack of effect, montelukast may cause significant neuropsychiatric adverse reactions. Postmarketing reports identify agitation, aggressive behavior, hostility, depression, disorientation, irritability, memory impairment and abnormal dreams. Although initially approved in 1998, it took until March 4, 2020 for the FDA to require stronger warnings about montelukast.

Prior to prescribing montelukast, doctors are now urged to inquire about prior psychiatric problems and direct patients to read the accompanying medication guide. Patients should be cautioned about the neuropsychiatric associations and advised to immediately discontinue montelukast and contact their healthcare worker should symptoms develop.

Montelukast is also known as the brand name: Singulair.
Montelukast comes in 4mg packets of granules, 4 and 5mg chewable tablets, and 10mg tablets.
Montelukast is most commonly used for allergies, exercise-induced breathing problems, and asthma. It could also be prescribed for other reasons, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. No matter what your doctor has you taking it for, montelukast is taken by mouth once daily, at the same time each day. If taking Singulair for exercise-induced breathing problems, take this at least 2 hours before your activity. The granules may be taken by mouth, or mixed with baby formula, breast milk or another beverage, however they should not be mixed with water. After mixing, take your dose right away, do not store for future use.
If you miss a dose of montelukast:
• Skip the missed dose and go back to your usual time
• Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses

The best way to store montelukast:
• Store at room temperature.
• Protect from light.
• Store in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom or refrigerator.
• Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.
• Check with your pharmacist about how to throw out unused drugs.
• For the granules, use them right after opening


Usual doses of montelukast range from 4mg to 10mg daily.
Some common side effects with montelukast include dizziness, fatigue, and headache.
Some less common side effects include abnormal dreams, aggressive behavior, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting.
When taking montelukast, remember it is important to tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have:
• Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
• Depression
• Hallucinations
• Memory loss or memory problems
• Bad dreams
• Shakiness
• A burning, numbness, or tingling feeling that is not normal
• Trouble breathing that is new or worse

Did you know that Montelukast is key to controlling asthma and allergies? In this video, we explain everything you need to know about this medication. Find out how Montelukast works in your body to relieve symptoms, and learn about proper dosages, possible side effects, and important precautions. This video is essential for those seeking a complete and detailed understanding of Montelukast.

#Montelukast #Asthma #Allergies #Health #Medicines #SelfCare #Wellness

This video explains some common side effects of montelukast tablets.

Uses for montelukast, dosage and side effects are discussed.
Slides include:
What is Montelukast
Uses
Dosage
why take montelukast at night
Side effects

Dr. Ryan Murphy, an asthma specialist at UW Medicine, discusses montelukast (trade name Singulair).

0:01 Who's prescribed montelukast
0:17 What to know about black box warning
0:47 Advice for patients

#uwmedicinenewsroom

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Medications can be an incredibly effective tool for people, but can also have severe negative side effects for some, such as in the case of the anti-inflammatory medication, Singulair (Montelukast). Some individuals might experience severe suicidal depression while on this medication. Fortunately, this side effect resolves once Singulair has been discontinued. It's important to think about the medications you take whenever you have new symptoms.

Our videos are not medical advice. If you have questions about this content or about your health, please consult your medical provider.

More data surrounding the potential effects of a commonly prescribed medication for allergies and asthma called Singulair (montelukast) on the brain has been reported recently. This medication already has a black box warning from the FDA since 2020 regarding the potential increased risk of neuropsychiatric events. The data is not publicly available yet but I will update you when I know more. Talk with your doctor if you have concerns. For general educational purposes only. #allergies #asthma #medication #sideeffects #doctor

Singulair may trigger a journey of confusion, concern, and turmoil. For others, it ends in death. Suicidal thoughts and actions are one of the known side effects families say they didn't find out about until after their loved ones killed themselves.

Earlier this year, we showed you the devastating side effects of Singulair, one of the most prescribed drugs in the county. We also exposed the manufacturer had evidence the drug affected the brain, decades ago, before they company started selling it as an allergy and asthma medication.

Questions have been raised over two asthma medications commonly prescribed to children, which have been linked to aggression, depression and suicide.

Celeste Booth’s then-three-year-old daughter was prescribed the drug, and tells us why parents are begging for more warnings.

#Asthma #Singulair #Montelukast

CBS 5 Investigates claims the manufacturer had evidence decades ago before Singulair went on the market that it affected the brain.

Adderall vs Modafinil comparison done by real doctor's experience with these smart drugs. The difference will surprise you. 

Modafinil vs adderall is a long time battle, with both sides having huge advantages over the other. Here, you will learn how these are different including Vyvanse, the expensive cousin of adderall.

In this global economy, more and more people are working odd hours. Is a drug like Nuvigil the answer to staying awake on the job? Find more information about prescription drugs on our health website: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/index.htm?EXTKEY=I93YT01&CMP=OTC-YUTBE

In this video I cover the side effects that I've experienced while taking Modafinil.

A lot of people are pumping the benefits like the holy grail but few are talking about the downsides.

Modafinil and other smart drugs (nootropics) come with a Biological cost...

What goes up - must come down.

Check out the video to see what you think of these modafinil side effects.

Hey, if you've had an experience of side effects that I did not list, let me know in the comments..

Thanks
-LV

#modafinil #nootropics #smartdrugs

Your Medication Modafinil

Modafinil is also known by the brand name: Provigil.
Modafinil comes in 100 and 200mg tablets.
Modafinil is most commonly used for sleepiness that may happen with sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work. It may be given to you for other reasons, talk with your doctor. No matter what your doctor has you taking it for, it should be taken 1 hour before the start of work if you work shifts, or taken in the morning if you suffer from narcolepsy and sleep apnea. Modafinil can be taken with or without food.
Standard dosing of modafinil ranges from 100mg to 200mg.

Some common side effects associated with modafinil include chest pain, headache, nervousness, dizziness, and insomnia.
If you miss a dose of modafinil:
• Take the missed dose as soon as you think about it
• If it is near bedtime, skip the missed dose and go back to your usual time
• Do not take 2 doses as the same time or extra doses

The best way to store modafinil:
• Store at room temperature
• Store in a dry place. Avoid the bathroom and refrigerator
• Keep all drugs in a safe place out of reach from children and pets
• Check with your pharmacist about how to throw out unused drugs

When taking modafinil, remember it is important to tell your doctor of pharmacist if:
• You have a heart condition or begin experiencing chest pain, a heartbeat that does not feel normal, or shortness of breath
• You have changes in mood or thoughts of harming yourself
• You are pregnant or may become pregnant
• You start taking new medications, vitamins, or supplements.

Modafinil / Provigil garnered FDA approval as therapy for excessive daytime sleepiness related to narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea and sleep disorders associated with rotating work shifts. In spite of these relatively limited authorized indications, more than 90% of prescriptions for Modafinil / Provigil are for so called "off label" indications.

Modafinil / Provigil remains an unexplored but popular therapy for Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, depression and chronic fatigue syndrome. Among the other popular uses for Modafinil / Provigil are ADHD, fatigue associated with mood disorders and lethargy resulting from antipsychotic drugs.

Modafinil / Provigil gained popularity as a "smart pill" supposedly able to delay sleep and allow increased focus on school or work projects. Even the armed forces approve its use for troops on missions requiring heightened vigilance with little time for sleep. Unlike some pills Modafinil / Provigil does not impair judgment, thinking or motor skills.

Recent warnings especially from the European Medicines Agency - sort of the FDA of the entire European Union - suggest caution with Modafinil / Provigil. Reports link it to a number of life threatening side effects including multi-organ hypersensitivity reactions, heart rhythm disturbances and sudden cardiac death.