Ampicillin is Broad Spectrum antibiotics which belongs to Penicillin Class of antibiotics. Penicillin is very effective in typhoid fever, pneumonia, Skin infection, bacterial meningitis and other infection. It is safe and well tolerated medicine. Know more about this please see the video.

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Ampicillin is an antibiotic used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It may also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns. It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or intravenously.Like all antibiotics, it is not useful for the treatment of viral infections.
Common side effects include rash, nausea, and diarrhea. It should not be used in people who are allergic to penicillin. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis or anaphylaxis. While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased.Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe.

Ampicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961.It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.Its wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.13 and 1.20 for a vial of the intravenous solution as of 2014.In the United States, it is available as a generic medication and 10 days of treatment cost about $13.
Ampicillin is used to treat infections by many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin was the first 'broad spectrum' penicillin with activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, some isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (but not penicillin-resistant or methicillin-resistant strains), and some Enterococcus. Activity against Gram-negative bacteria includes Neisseria meningitidis, some Haemophilus influenzae, and some of the Enterobacteriaceae. Its spectrum of activity is enhanced by co-administration of sulbactam, a drug that inhibits beta lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria to inactivate ampicillin and related antibiotics. It is sometimes used in combination with other antibiotics that have different mechanisms of action, like vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline.

Ampicillin can be administered by mouth, an intramuscular injection (shot) or by intravenous infusion.

Indications :
respiratory infections
sinusitis
bronchitis
pharyngitis
otitis media
bacterial meningitis
Salmonella, Shigella, and Listeria bacteria.
gastrointestinal infections caused by contaminated water or food.
healthcare-associated infections related to infection from urinary catheter use unresponsive to other medications.
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.
Genito-urinary tract infections
prevent infection (prophylaxis) in those who previously had rheumatic heart disease or are undergoing dental procedures.
Side effects:
Ampicillin is comparatively less toxic than other antibiotics. In very rare cases, it causes severe side effects such as angioedema, anaphylaxis, and C. difficile infection. Some develop black 'furry' tongue'. The most serious adverse effects are seizures, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, pseudomembranous colitis. The most common side effects to be expected in ten percent of users are diarrhea and rash. Less common side effects can be nausea, vomiting, itching, blood dyscrasias, and mild allergic reactions. Other conditions may develop up several weeks after treatment.

In this video, Dr Mike outlines the classes of antibiotics, examples of each, and their mechanism of action in 7 minutes!!

Instagram: @drmiketodorovic

The main types of penicillins are: penicillinase-resistant penicillins, antipseudomonal penicillins, beta-lactamase inhibitors, natural penicillins, aminopenicillins.

Narrow spectrum penicillins (beta-lactamase sensitive, beta-lactamase resistant) and broad spectrum penicillins (aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, ureidopenicillins) are known.

The main representatives of aminopenicillins are: amoxicillin, ampicillin, pivampicillin, getacillin, bacampicillin, metampicillin, talampicillin, epicillin.

Ampicillin is a white, crystalline powder. Molar mass: 349 g/mol (ampicillin trihydrate, C16H19N3O4S) and 371 g/mol (ampicillin sodium salt, C16H18N3NaO4S), melting point: 208 °C (with decomposition). Solubility in water: 10.1 g/l.

Ampicillin has a lot of names (more than 100).

The composition of ampicillin (sodium salt) includes the following chemical elements: carbon (51.8%), oxygen (17.3%), nitrogen (11.3%), sulfur (8.6%), sodium (6.2% ), hydrogen (4.9%).

This antibiotic was discovered in 1958 in the UK, in 1961 it began to be sold in pharmacies, and in 1970, along with co-trimoxazole, it replaced the more toxic chloramphenicol (levomycetin).

If ampicillin is considered a very cheap and affordable antibiotic, then for laboratory tests the used analogue can cost 15,000 times more!

This antibiotic is produced under the guise of trihydrate (for oral administration, slightly soluble in water) and sodium salt (for parenteral administration, highly soluble in water).

Solutions of this antibiotic are quickly inactivated. It does not cause noticeable irritation to tissues, does not accumulate in tissues, and is slightly toxic even at high doses.

It is acid-resistant and does not bind to blood proteins, but is destroyed by penicillin-resistant bacteria under the influence of penicillinase.

Introduced into the body ampicillin is rapidly absorbed in the intestine and rapidly distributed in the organs and tissues of the body, as well as in fluids. Partially destroyed in the stomach and intestines.

After administration, it reaches a therapeutic dose in 1-2 hours, and the effect lasts up to 6 hours. With parenteral administration, it is possible to obtain a higher concentration of the drug in the blood, but it is excreted faster.

With intramuscular injection, maximum concentrations are obtained after 30-60 minutes, but with intravenous administration - after 15-20 minutes.

The drug is well distributed in pleural, peritoneal and synovial fluids, while in sputum it is found in less small concentrations due to its destruction by enzymes.

In inflamed areas of the lungs, the content of ampicillin is higher compared to healthy areas.

In bone tissue, concentrations are found to be 50% lower than in the blood, but high concentrations are observed in the kidneys and liver. Found in the prostate gland.

In the blood of infants, ampicillin concentrations are 50% higher than in older children.

The antibiotic is excreted from the body mainly through the kidneys, in the urine observed in very high concentrations. With problems with the kidneys, it is partially excreted in the bile.

The antimicrobial effect of ampicillin is seen on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus (sensitive to penicillin), streptococcus, and pneumococcus.

Many microorganisms are sensitive to this medicine: gonococcus, meningococcus, enterococcus, listeria, gas gangrene clostridium, escherichia, salmonella, causative agents of typhoid fever, shigella, some Klebsiella and Proteus, hemophilic bacillus influenza, staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus.

Ampicillin-resistant microorganisms are: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, some strains of Klebsiella, many strains of Proteus, causative agents of tularemia.

Ampicillin is characterized by a similar spectrum of action as tetracyclines and levomycetin, but is less toxic. It acts mainly on multiplying bacteria and on bacteria located inside the cells.

Ampicillin should be used only if the pathogen is sufficiently sensitive. It is of low toxicity and can be used in doses higher than usual and for a long time (for chronic pyelonephritis and septic endocarditis).

Can be used by pregnant women and infants due to low toxicity.

It is used for septic infections and for various purulent-inflammatory surgical and gynecological infections, for listeriosis, endocarditis, for some forms of meningitis, for typhoid fever.

The main side effects are: rash, intestinal dysbacteriosis, headache, depression, arthralgia.

Contraindications for ampicillin are the same as for other pencillins. It is irrational to use ampicillin in staphylococcal infections and caution is required in case of impaired liver function.

Attention! This material is for informational purposes only. Before using any methods and means of treatment, it is recommended to consult a doctor!

#ampicillin #penicillin #antibiotics #aminopenicillins

Amoxicillin belongs to the penicillin family and remains the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in America. This semisynthetic analog of ampicillin treats a wide variety of bacteria. Amoxicillin should not be prescribed for the typical sore throat associated with the common cold.

Amoxicillin with its superior absorption and slightly greater spectrum of activity has largely replaced ampicillin. The drug kills bacteria by interfering with synthesis of their cell wall and by forming free radicals. Most routinely prescribed antibiotics only inhibit growth of microorganisms and require the immune system to complete their removal.

Side effects associated with amoxicillin tend to be relatively mild and prominently include a skin rash and alteration of the intestinal flora which may lead to abdominal upset and diarrhea. Those allergic to penicillin will be allergic to amoxicillin. However a skin rash due to exposure to amoxicillin does not necessarily indicate a penicillin allergy.

Amoxicillin is one of several antibiotics on the American Heart Association list of antibiotics helpful in preventing heart problems due to dental manipulations in susceptible individuals. Amoxicillin also is included in a four drug combination meant to eradicate H. pylori, the bacterium associated with intestinal ulcers.

Ampicillin

Generic Name: ampicillin

Trade Name: Principen

Indication: skin infections, soft tissue infections, otitis media, sinusitis, respiratory infections, GU infections, meningitis, septicemia

Action: bactericidal, broader spectrum than penicillin, binds to cell wall leading to bacterial cell death

Therapeutic Class: anti-infective

Pharmacologic Class: aminopenicillin

Nursing Considerations
 contraindicated in penicillin allergy, use caution in renal insufficiency
 may lead to seizures, diarrhea, anaphylaxes, super infection
 assess for infection
 monitor liver function tests
 instruct patient on signs of super infection: fury over growth on tongue, vaginal itching, loose and foul smelling stool
 pt should not use with oral contraceptive use.

Ampicillin is an antibiotic medication belonging to the penicillin class. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Ampicillin is effective against many different types of bacteria and is commonly prescribed for various infections.

Video Content:
0:00 Ampicillin capsules
0:22 Indications
0:44 How to use
1:13 Contraindications
1:34 Warnings
1:57 Side effects

Disclaimer: this video and the comments are meant purely informational! This is not medical advice! If you are looking for medical advice always contact your own doctor.

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In this video, we'll be discussing the powerful antibiotic Ampicillin and all you need to know about it. We'll cover everything from the dosage to the mechanism of action, side effects, and expert tips for taking it safely and effectively.

First, we'll delve into the mechanism of action of Ampicillin. We'll explain how it works to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and weaken the bacterial cell wall, making it more susceptible to damage and eventually death. We'll also cover the types of bacteria that Ampicillin is effective against, and the limitations of its effectiveness in certain cases.

Next, we'll talk about the dosage of Ampicillin. We'll go over the recommended dosage for different types of infections, and how to take it on an empty stomach to ensure optimal absorption. We'll also discuss the importance of finishing the full course of Ampicillin, even if you start feeling better.

After that, we'll cover the potential side effects of Ampicillin. We'll discuss the common side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as less common but more serious side effects, such as severe skin reactions and anaphylaxis. We'll also provide tips on how to manage these side effects and when to seek medical attention.

Lastly, we'll provide expert tips on taking Ampicillin safely and effectively. We'll discuss the importance of informing your healthcare provider of any allergies or medical conditions, using caution when driving or operating machinery, and staying hydrated while taking the medication.

In summary, this video is a comprehensive guide to Ampicillin, covering everything from its mechanism of action to its dosage, side effects, and expert tips. Whether you're currently taking Ampicillin or considering it as a treatment option, this video is a must-watch to ensure that you are taking the medication safely and effectively.

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Discover how ampicillin, a powerful antibiotic, can be your best ally against various bacterial infections. In this video, we explain how it works by preventing bacterial growth and damaging the cell walls of bacteria. In addition, we highlight the importance of following the dosage prescribed by the doctor and completing the treatment to ensure the complete eradication of bacteria. Don't miss this crucial information for your health.

#Ampicillin #Antibiotics #BacterialInfections #Health #EffectiveTreatment

When Simvastatin is combined with Amiodarone there is an increased myopathy resulting in muscle pain, weakness, fatigue and even there is an increased risk of rhabdomyolysis can be observed. All these side effects can be attributed to raised levels of simvastatin but how this interaction can be observed with amiodarone?

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Amiodarone Hcl is a medication used to treat certain types of serious irregular heartbeat, such as recurrent ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. This medication is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug, and it works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. It is important to take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. The usual daily dosage may vary, but it is typically taken once or twice a day with or without food. It is best to take this medication at the same time each day to help maintain a consistent level in your body. Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor first.
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Amiodarone: Emergency Medications is a complex drug and known as a Class III antiarrhythmic but possesses characteristics of all 4 classes, with effects on sodium, potassium, and calcium channels as well as a-and B- adrenergic blocking properties.

Amiodarone is also known in the ICU & ED environment as Amio. Some common names for Amio is Cordarone and Pacerone.

I personally like to call it the “Big A”.

Amiodarone was first made in 1961 and came into medical use in 62 for chest pain believed to be related to the heart. It was pulled from the market in 67 due to its side effects. In 74 it was found to be useful for the management of arrhythmias and was reintroduced.

0:00 Intro
1:30 Content Outline
1:42 Mechanism of Action
2:37 Indications
3:04 Adult Cardiac Arrest Dose
3:19 Medication Intervals
4:44 Adult infusions
5:35 PALS Dosage
6:36 Side Effects
7:14 Outro

Disclaimer: This video is for educational purposes only, and is not intended as medical advice. While we strive for 100% accuracy, errors may occur, and medications or protocols may change over time.

#TheResuscitationCoach #Amiodarone #ACLS #PALS

Amiodarone remains a highly effective drug capable of treating life threatening arrhythmias. Not only does Amiodarone reduce the risk of ventricular rhythm disturbance, but it also appears effective in combating atrial fibrillation.

While Amiodarone successfully combats a variety of heartbeat irregularities, it may precipitate a series of cardiac problems especially in those with low levels of potassium, magnesium or calcium.

Unfortunately Amiodarone commonly causes a wide array of adverse events some of which may be quite serious or even fatal. Amiodarone negatively affects the lungs, eyes and the skin where it leads to a peculiar grayish discoloration that may be remain long after discontinuing the drug. Amiodarone contains an enormous amount of iodine which often culminates in either overactive or underactive thyroid gland activity.

People receiving Amiodarone must maintain close contact with their physicians for regular examinations.

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Simple and short presentation of the side effects of Amiodarone.

COMING SOON: Complete Course on Classification of Drugs

The content in the video is for the purpose of information and education ONLY and is NOT intended to replace or is NOT a substitute for professional medical diagnosis, treatment, or physician advise.
The information in the video or on this channel is for informational knowledge only. It should not be considered as specific to needs of a specific individual organisation or entity. This information is not the substitute of the advice and treatment by your doctor, medical specialist or pharmacist. Author of the video is not to be held liable for any discrepancy. The author or any other parties associated with the making of the videos on this channel does not assume any liability to any party for any loss or damage, that may directly or indirectly result from use of any information in the videos on this channel .

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic agent that contains iodine moiety in tis structure. Side effects of this drug can be remembered in easy way by code BCHHHPP.

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Homepage: EMNote.org

Amiodarone Side Effects:
Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent that is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation.
However, its administration in certain conditions can be catastrophic.
Here are six conditions in which healthcare providers should avoid administering amiodarone or use with extreme caution:
1. Arrhythmias secondary to prolonged QT interval:
Amiodarone can prolong the QT interval, which can lead to torsades de pointes, a life-threatening arrhythmia.
2. Atrial fibrillation associated with left atrial thrombus or A-fib with unknown onset:
Amiodarone treatment is associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients with A-fib, which may be the result of thrombus dislodgement and embolization.
3. Atrial fibrillation in preexcitation or WPW syndrome:
Amiodarone can cause a paradoxical increase in conduction through the accessory pathway, leading to ventricular fibrillation.
4. Arrhythmias due to digoxin toxicity:
Digoxin levels increase significantly after coadministration with amiodarone.
This increase occurs because of the inhibition of digoxin secretion from renal tubules and the inhibition of the P-glycoprotein membrane transporter system.
5. Atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism:
Thyroid toxicity is the most common complication that requires intervention. Amiodarone can cause hypothyroidism or exacerbate hyperthyroidism[3]. Hyperthyroidism may result from an excess of iodine or acute thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism is two to four times more common than hyperthyroidism.
6. VT mimics due to hyperkalemia, Na-channel blocker toxicity, and accelerated idioventricular rhythm:
Amiodarone can worsen wide complex tachycardias mimicking ventricular tachycardia such as severe hyperkalemia, sodium-channel blocker toxicity, and AIVR.

Amiodarone is associated with several serious side effects that require careful monitoring and management.
Pulmonary toxicity.
The most serious potential adverse effect of amiodarone therapy is pulmonary toxicity, which may result from direct drug-induced phospholipidosis or immune-mediated hypersensitivity.
The most common clinical presentation is subacute cough and progressive dyspnea, with associated patchy interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs and reduced diffusing capacity on pulmonary function tests.
A much less common presentation is adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Hyperthyroidism.
Amiodarone can cause hyperthyroidism by inhibiting the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues.
This can lead to symptoms such as weight loss, palpitations, and tremors.
Hypothyroidism.
Amiodarone can also cause hypothyroidism by causing thyroiditis or by inhibiting the release of thyroid hormones.
This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.
Liver toxicity.
Amiodarone can cause liver toxicity, which is usually mild and evidenced only by abnormal liver enzymes
However, in rare cases, it can cause severe liver injury, including acute liver failure.
Optic neuropathy.
Amiodarone can cause optic neuropathy, which is a rare but serious side effect that can lead to vision loss.
Proarrhythmia.
Amiodarone can cause proarrhythmia, which is the development of new or worsened arrhythmias.
This can occur due to the drug's effects on cardiac repolarization.
Bradycardia.
Amiodarone can cause bradycardia due to the drug's effects on the sinus node.
Amiodarone is also associated with several minor side effects:
Nausea, anorexia, and constipation.
Corneal microdeposits.
Photosensitivity.
Blue discoloration of skin.
It is important to note that the frequency of most adverse effects is related to the total amiodarone exposure (i.e., dosage and duration of treatment).
Therefore, physicians must use the lowest possible dosage of amiodarone and, if possible, discontinue treatment if adverse effects occur.
If any of these minor side effects persist or become bothersome, patients should consult their healthcare provider.
Some of the drugs that commonly interact with amiodarone include:
Digoxin:
Amiodarone can increase the serum concentration of digoxin, which can lead to digoxin toxicity.
Warfarin (Coumadin).
Simvastatin (Zocor).
Sildenafil (Viagra).
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune).
Antiarrhythmic.
Quinolones.
Antidepressants.
In conclusion, it is important for healthcare providers to know that amiodarone has many side effects, and there is also the potential for interacting adversely with other medications.
Patients receiving amiodarone should chronically have baseline testing done to facilitate future monitoring of hepatic, thyroid, pulmonary, and ophthalmologic toxicity.
Patients on warfarin will also need close monitoring of their INR.
All providers, including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, should be aware of the risks associated with amiodarone administration and take appropriate precautions to ensure patient safety.

Amiodarone is a popular antiarrhythmic. In this video, Dr. Joseph S. Alpert explains a new study looking at amiodarone side effects reported. The upshot is that patients on amiodarone for a year or more should be watched for interstitial lung disease, among other conditions. You can read "The Safety Profile of Amiodarone Among Older Adults: A Pharmacovigilance Study from the FDA Data" by Lerman et al at amjmed.com.

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