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EZETIMIBE (ZETIA). Mechanism of action. Indications. Explained. Side Effects 1 Views • 1 month ago

00:00 Introduction
00:18 Indications
00:44 Mechanism of action
03:40 Dosage and Side effects

Ezetimibe inhibits intestinal uptake of dietary and biliary cholesterol at the level of the brush border of the intestine by interacting with the Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1 without affecting the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients.
According to the newest ESC Guidelines for the management of dyslipidemias
Combination with ezetimibe is recommended as additional therapy to statins for pharmacological lowering of low density lipoproteins If the goals are not achieved with the maximum tolerated dose of a statin.
This position has the strongest level of recommendation.
Absorbtion of cholesterol in intestine provided by Niemann–Pick C1-like protein 1 which transport cholesterol inside the enterocyte. Further Cholesterol with triglyceride’s carry from gut in form of chylomicrons and can be up taken by liver for further processing.
Ezetimibe inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption by selectively blocking the Niemann–Pick C1-like protein 1 in the brush border. As a result cholesterol excretes with the feces.
By inhibiting cholesterol absorption, ezetimibe reduces the amount of cholesterol delivered to the liver by chylomocrons. When the cholesterol levels in the hepatocyte decrease. It cause the activation of LDL receptor transcription on the hepatocyte. It leads to increased clearance of LDL from the blood that therefore to decreasing intraarterial cholesterol accumulation and prevent the atherosclerosis development.
Also low level of cholesterol inside of hepatocyte increase activity of HMG-CoA reductase, which stimuli cholesterol synthesis from acetyl-Coa. This is the reason why ezetimibe is used in combination with the statins which inhibit HMG-Coa reductase therefore cholesterol synthesis.

Sources which was used for preparing:

Introduction to Lipids and Lipoproteins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305896/

Balancing Cholesterol Synthesis and Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC23908

Ezetimibe therapy: mechanism of action and clinical update
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22910633/

2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)
https://academic.oup.com/eurhe....artj/article/41/1/11

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Understanding TD Side Effects 2 Views • 1 month ago

See Important Safety Information below; Prescribing Information including Boxed Warning: https://bit.ly/3YhB0s9. AUSTEDO XR®/AUSTEDO® can cause depression, suicidal thoughts, or actions in patients with HD. Don’t use if you have liver problems; are taking reserpine, tetrabenazine, or valbenazine.
INDICATIONS & USAGE
AUSTEDO XR is indicated in adults for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease (HD) & for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD).
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
Depression & Suicidality in HD Patients: AUSTEDO XR can increase the risk of depression & suicidal thoughts & behavior (suicidality) in HD Patients. Balance the risks of depression & suicidality with the clinical need for treatment of chorea. Closely monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Inform patients, their caregivers, & families of the risk of depression & suicidality & instruct them to report behaviors of concern promptly to the treating physician. Exercise caution when treating patients with a history of depression or prior suicide attempts or ideation. AUSTEDO XR is contraindicated in patients who are suicidal, & in patients with untreated or inadequately treated depression.
Contraindications: AUSTEDO XR is contraindicated in HD patients who are suicidal, or have untreated or inadequately treated depression. AUSTEDO XR is also contraindicated in: patients with hepatic impairment; patients taking reserpine or within 20 days of discontinuing reserpine; patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOI therapy; & patients taking tetrabenazine or valbenazine.
Clinical Worsening & Adverse Events in HD Patients: AUSTEDO XR may cause a worsening in mood, cognition, rigidity, & functional capacity. Prescribers should periodically re-evaluate the need for AUSTEDO XR in their patients by assessing the effect on chorea & possible adverse effects.
QTc Prolongation: AUSTEDO XR may prolong the QT interval, but the degree of QT prolongation is not clinically significant when AUSTEDO XR is administered within the recommended dosage range. AUSTEDO XR should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome & in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a potentially fatal symptom complex reported in association with drugs that reduce dopaminergic transmission, has been observed in patients receiving tetrabenazine. The risk may be increased by concomitant use of dopamine antagonists or antipsychotics. The management of NMS should include immediate discontinuation of AUSTEDO XR; intensive symptomatic treatment & medical monitoring; & treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems.
Akathisia, Agitation, & Restlessness: AUSTEDO XR may increase the risk of akathisia, agitation, & restlessness. The risk of akathisia may be increased by concomitant use of dopamine antagonists or antipsychotics. If a patient develops akathisia, the AUSTEDO XR dose should be reduced; some patients may require discontinuation of therapy.
Parkinsonism: AUSTEDO XR may cause parkinsonism in TD or HD patients. The risk of parkinsonism may be increased by concomitant use of dopamine antagonists or antipsychotics. If a patient develops parkinsonism, the AUSTEDO XR dose should be reduced; some patients may require discontinuation of therapy.
Sedation & Somnolence: Sedation is a common dose-limiting adverse reaction of AUSTEDO XR. Patients should not perform activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or hazardous machinery, until they are on a maintenance dose of AUSTEDO XR & know how the drug affects them. Concomitant use of alcohol or other sedating drugs may have additive effects & worsen sedation & somnolence.
Hyperprolactinemia: Tetrabenazine elevates serum prolactin concentrations in humans. If there is a clinical suspicion of symptomatic hyperprolactinemia, appropriate laboratory testing should be done & consideration should be given to discontinuation of AUSTEDO XR.
Binding to Melanin-Containing Tissues: Deutetrabenazine or its metabolites bind to melanin-containing tissues & could accumulate in these tissues over time. Prescribers should be aware of the possibility of long-term ophthalmologic effects.
Common Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions for AUSTEDO (greater than 8% & greater than placebo) in a controlled clinical study in HD patients were somnolence, diarrhea, dry mouth, & fatigue. The most common adverse reactions for AUSTEDO (4% & greater than placebo) in controlled clinical studies in TD patients were nasopharyngitis & insomnia. Adverse reactions with AUSTEDO XR are expected to be similar to AUSTEDO.

He Took Paxil and Got a Fake Bipolar Diagnosis: Michael's Story Side Effects 1 Views • 1 month ago

Michael Coughlin was an entrepreneur with no history of bipolar disorder—until he took an antidepressant.

In this eye-opening interview, Michael shares how a doctor prescribed him Paxil for situational anxiety, triggering a terrifying spiral of adverse effects. Instead of recognizing the drug reaction, the mental health system labeled him bipolar and placed him on heavy antipsychotic medication.

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Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction to the Journey of Misdiagnosis
01:55 The Spiral of Anxiety and Pandemic Challenges
04:43 Seeking Help: The Quest for Mental Health Resources
09:34 The Prescription of Paxil: A Turning Point
12:57 The Dark Side of Paxil: Disturbing Thoughts and Reactions
18:14 The Aftermath: Insomnia and Misdiagnosis
25:58 The Gaslighting of the Pharmaceutical Industry
30:38 The Consequences of Misdiagnosis and Discharge
37:51 The Struggles of Insomnia and Medication Reactions
41:33 The Impact of SSRIs on Mental Health
44:42 Navigating the Mental Health System
51:29 The Journey Through Hospitalization and Diagnosis
01:01:29 Finding a Path to Recovery and Understanding
01:10:04 The Aftermath: Long-term Effects and Insights

‼️ DISCLAIMER: All the information on this channel is for educational and/or entertainment purposes and not intended to be specific/personal medical advice from me to you. Watching the videos, or getting answers to comments/question, does not establish a doctor-patient relationship. If you have your own doctor, these videos can maybe help you prepare for your discussion with him. We do our best to spread awareness with these videos, but for legal reasons we can’t answer health questions in the comments. If you leave questions, we’ll make videos about common questions in the future! If we catch incorrect health information, hate speech, illegal solicitation of drugs in the comments, we will remove them.

#SSRIs #Misdiagnosis #BipolarDisorder

EFEITOS COLATERAIS DO CITALOPRAM | DR. LABINAS Side Effects 1 Views • 2 months ago

Você sabe quais são os efeitos colaterais do Citalopram? Neste vídeo, vou explicar TUDO sobre este antidepressivo que tem ajudado milhares de pessoas no tratamento da depressão e ansiedade! 🧠

O Citalopram é um dos antidepressivos mais prescritos, mas muitos pacientes ficam apreensivos com seus possíveis efeitos colaterais. Conhecer bem esses efeitos é fundamental para um tratamento mais seguro e eficaz!

Se você encontrar valor neste vídeo, por favor COMPARTILHE com alguém que possa precisar ouvir esta mensagem. 💌

Inscreva-se agora no meu canal para não perder mais nenhum conteúdo que eu preparo com tanto cuidado sobre saúde mental, terapias e bem-estar.

Clique no sininho 🔔 e se mantenha atualizado com todos os nossos vídeos!

________________________________________________
Outros vídeos que possam interessar:

▶ Como Ajudar Alguém Numa Crise de Ansiedade/Pânico?
https://youtu.be/NaI33Tx2x5U

▶ Como Superar Pensamentos Negativos?
https://youtu.be/QwX9vk87pPs

▶ Conheça os diferentes tipos de Depressão
https://youtu.be/GvHrrMwExS4

▶ O que acontece no cérebro de quem tem Depressão?
https://youtu.be/56XV4vI3ewc

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https://t.me/SaudeMentaleBemEstar
👉🏻 Site
https://www.institutolabinas.com.br

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👨🏻‍⚕️ Sobre mim:

Olá! Seja bem-vindo(a) ao canal Instituto Labinas. Explico aqui informações de forma simples, objetiva e clara sobre os transtornos mentais, seus tratamentos, curiosidades, ou seja, aquilo que envolve a mente humana. Sou o Dr. Luís Guilherme O. Labinas (CRMSP 145324)

________________________________________________

⚠️ AVISO LEGAL ⚠️

Meus vídeos possuem objetivo educativo, seguindo a ética médica proposta pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina e não expressam a opinião pessoal do Dr. Luís Guilherme O. Labinas. Todo conteúdo divulga informação médica baseada em evidência científica robusta.

*O conteúdo do canal não substitui a consulta médica presencial.
*Busque ajuda médica em caso de necessidade.
*Não se automedique! Isso é prejudicial à sua saúde.
*Declaro que não possuo vínculo com nenhuma indústria farmacêutica.
*Respeito e sigo as normativas e conduta ética proposta pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) e pela Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP).

Títulos para o YouTube:
"EFEITOS COLATERAIS DO CITALOPRAM: TUDO QUE VOCÊ PRECISA SABER"
"COMEÇOU A TOMAR CITALOPRAM? ASSISTA ESTE VÍDEO ANTES"
"CITALOPRAM: COMO LIDAR COM OS EFEITOS COLATERAIS"
"EFEITOS COLATERAIS DO CITALOPRAM: O QUE NINGUÉM TE CONTA"
"TUDO SOBRE OS EFEITOS COLATERAIS DO CITALOPRAM | GUIA COMPLETO"
"CITALOPRAM CAUSA ESTES EFEITOS? DESCUBRA A VERDADE"
"OS 7 PRINCIPAIS EFEITOS COLATERAIS DO CITALOPRAM EXPLICADOS"
"CITALOPRAM X OUTROS ANTIDEPRESSIVOS: EFEITOS COLATERAIS"
"DÚVIDAS SOBRE EFEITOS COLATERAIS DO CITALOPRAM? ASSISTA ESTE VÍDEO"
"ANTES DE TOMAR VILAZODONA ASSISTA ESTE VÍDEO | EFEITOS COLATERAIS"

#labinas #drguilhermelabinas #DrLabinas #labinas
#SaúdeMental #Vilazodona #NovoAntidepressivo #TratamentoDepressão #PsiquiatriaInovadora #BemEstarMental #Psiquiatria #CuidadosComSaúde #SaúdeEmFoco #DepressãoTratamento
#Citalopram #Antidepressivos